美国发展煤炭清洁高效利用技术对中国的启示

Enlightenment to China from the Development of Clean and Efficient Utilization Technology of Coal in United States

近年来,美国一直通过“煤炭优先”计划等推动先进燃煤电厂、先进煤化工等技术和装备的发展,并进一步提高效率、降低与碳捕集相关的成本从而支持“煤+碳捕集、利用与封存(carbon capture,utilization and storage,CCUS)”技术的开发与部署,同时还重点研发从煤及煤基能源等中回收稀土元素的技术。系统梳理了美国煤炭清洁高效利用全过程的研发投入、研发方向和研发机构等情况,结合中国清洁煤技术发展现状,提出在“双碳”目标下发展煤炭清洁高效利用前沿技术的发展建议,可为中国进一步构建绿色低碳、安全高效的现代能源体系提供参考。

In recent years,the United States has been promoting the development of advanced coal-fired power plants,advanced coal chemical technology and equipment through the“coal first”program,and supporting the development and deployment of“coal+carbon capture,utilization and storage(CCUS)”technology by further improving efficiency and reducing costs associated with carbon capture,while focusing on technologies to recover rare earth elements from coal and coal-based energy.The paper systematically summarizes the research and development investment,research direction and research institutions of the whole process of clean and efficient utilization of coal in the United States,combined with the development status of clean coal technology in China,and puts forward development suggestions for the development of clean and efficient utilization of cutting-edge coal technology under the“Peak Carbon Dioxide Emissions and Carbon Neutrality”goal,which can provide references for further building a green,low-carbon,safe and efficient modern energy system in China.