Clinical features and risk factors for invasive fungal sinusitis after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patientswith invasive fungal sinusitis(invasive fungal rhinosinusitis,IFR)after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(allo-HSCT)and explored the risk factors for IFR after allo-HSCT.Methods Nineteen patients with IFR after allo-HSCT at Peking University People's Hospital from January 2012 to December 2021 were selected as the study group,and 95 patients without IFR after allo-HSCT during this period were randomly selected as the control group(1:5 ratio).Results Nineteen patients,including 10 males and 9 females,had IFR after allo-HSCT.The median age was 36(10-59)years.The median IFR onset time was 68(9-880)days after allo-HSCT.There wereseven patients with acute myeloid leukemia,five with acute lymphoblastic leukemia,two with myelodysplastic syndrome,two with chronic myeloid leukemia,one with acute mixed-cell leukemia,one with multiple myeloma,and one with T-lymphoblastic lymph node tumor.There were 13 confirmed cases and 6 clinically diagnosed cases.The responsible fungus was Mucor in two cases,Rhizopus in four,Aspergillus in four,and Candida in three.