数字检察背景下社会危险性量化评估机制的实践反思与发展进路

Practical Reflection and Development Approach of Quantitative Evaluation Mechanism of Social Risk under the Background of Digital Prosecution

在数字检察背景下,为提升社会危险性评估的准确性与科学性,全国多地检察机关探索使用量化评估机制。在设定量化评估标准、构建评估模型、运用评估结果的过程中,这一机制的风险与缺陷逐渐暴露。评估标准存在非可欲性与演化缺陷,评估模型可能侵害诉讼权利,评估结果容易造成检察官的机械决策。为加以改善,应当依靠数字技术沟通社会危险性评估的自发秩序与制度建构,通过规则制定推动标准优化;以技术正当程序理念推进算法公开,健全非歧视审查机制,化解评估模型的侵权风险;明确评估结果的参考和初步判断作用,以科技手段助力检察官能动履职,实现“三个效果”的有机统一。

In the context of digital prosecution,in order to improve the accuracy and scientificity of social risk assessment,procuratorial organs across the country have explored the use of quantitative assessment mechanisms.In the process of setting up quantitative evaluation standards,constructing evaluation models and applying evaluation results,the risks and defects of this mechanism are gradually exposed.The evaluation criteria have non-desirability and evolutionary defects.The evaluation model may infringe on litigation rights,and the evaluation results are likely to cause the prosecutor’s mechanical decision-making.In order to improve it,we should rely on digital technology to communicate the spontaneous order and system construction of social risk assessment,and promote the optimization of standards through rule making;promote the disclosure of algorithms,improve the non-discrimination review mechanism,and resolve the infringement risk of the evaluation model with the concept of technical due process;clarify the reference and preliminary judgment of the evaluation results,help the prosecutors to perform their duties by scientific and technological means,and realize the organic unity of the“three effects”.