2019—2023年泰州市稻米中4种元素污染特征及健康风险评估

Pollution Characteristics and Healthy Risk Assessment of 4 Elements of Rice in Taizhou From 2019 to 2023

目的:了解泰州市生产的稻米中总铬、总砷、镉、铅4种元素含量及污染状况,评估居民食用稻米引起的健康风险。方法:2019—2023年,每年采集40份新鲜成熟的稻米,共采集200份稻米。稻米自然晾干后去壳打碎,利用电感耦合等离子质谱法同时测定总铬、总砷、镉、铅4种元素的含量。结果:2019—2023年,泰州市生产的稻米中总铬、总砷、镉、铅含量均值分别为0.385 mg·kg^(-1)、0.136 mg·kg^(-1)、0.0289 mg·kg^(-1)、0.0114 mg·kg^(-1)。200份稻米样品中镉和铅元素含量均低于国家标准限量值,通过单因子污染指数值和内梅罗综合污染指数值判断稻米中镉和铅元素处于优良水平,稻米中镉和铅对人群健康的影响风险处于可接受水平;8份稻米样品中总铬含量超标,总铬含量整体处于轻度以下污染水平,总铬对人群健康的影响风险处于可接受水平;2份稻米样品中总砷含量超标,2021年总砷处于轻度以下污染水平,总砷对成人和儿童群体的健康具有一定的影响,但慢性毒效应较低。结论:泰州市新鲜稻米中总铬和总砷略有污染,砷对人体健康具有慢性影响,需进一步对稻米中砷含量进行精细化分析和评估。

Objective:To understand the contents and pollution status of total chromium,total arsenic,cadmium and lead in rice produced in Taizhou,and to evaluate the health risks caused by rice intake.Method:From 2019 to 2023,40 fresh mature rice samples were collected every year,and a total of 200 rice samples were collected.The contents of total chromium,total arsenic,cadmium and lead in rice were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.Result:From 2019 to 2023,the average contents of total chromium,total arsenic,cadmium and lead in rice produced in Taizhou were 0.385 mg·kg^(-1),0.136 mg·kg^(-1),0.0289 mg·kg^(-1)and 0.0114 mg·kg^(-1),respectively.The contents of cadmium and lead in 200 rice samples were lower than the national standard limit values.The single factor pollution index value and Nemero comprehensive pollution index value were used to judge that the cadmium and lead in rice were at an excellent level,and the risk of cadmium and lead in rice on human health was acceptable.The total chromium content in 8 rice samples exceeded the standard,and the total chromium content was generally below the mild pollution level.The risk of total chromium on human health was at an acceptable level.The total arsenic content in 2 rice samples exceeded the standard,and the total arsenic was below the mild pollution level in 2021.The total arsenic had a certain impact on the health of adults and children,but the chronic toxicity was low.Conclusion:The total chromium and total arsenic in fresh rice in Taizhou city are slightly polluted,and arsenic has a chronic impact on human health.It is necessary to further analyze and evaluate the arsenic content in rice.