散打侧踹腿动作的运动学特征研究

On the Kinematic Characteristics of Sanda Side Kick Action

文章通过研究滑步、垫步侧踹腿技术动作的生物力学特征,分析侧踹腿与不同步法结合时的运动学规律,探讨动作结构之间的差异,为教练员、运动员和散打学习者提供更有针对性的训练方法,为接下来散打技术动作的研究提供理论参考。文章运用外同步法进行同步测试,获得运动学参数。从动作时间特征上来看,两种侧踹腿的优秀组用时短于普通组。一级运动员动作更加熟练,两种侧踹腿各阶段时间分配比例不同,滑步侧踹腿在击打阶段用时更短,垫步侧踹腿在提膝阶段用时较少。在关节速度变化中,两种侧踹腿各关节速度变化趋势相似。髋关节速度最小,踝关节速度最快,运动等级高的运动员身体各环节的协调性更好。垫步侧踹腿在提膝阶段速度大于滑步侧踹腿,滑步侧踹腿在击打阶段速度大于垫步侧踹腿。在关节角度变化上,两种侧踹腿的髋关节角度变化最大,左腿提膝高度需要增加,使肌肉产生更多的弹性势能,有利于力矩达到最大。垫步侧踹腿支撑腿角度变化较小,有利于整个动作完成的稳定性。

This paper,through the study of sliding step,pad side kick action technology biomechanical characteristics,analyzes the side kick and different footwork of kinematic rule,discusses the differences between the structure,for coaches,athletes and sanda learners to provide more targeted training methods,provide theoretical reference for the study of sanda technology action..This paper used the external synchronization method to obtain kinematic parameters.In terms of movement time characteristics,the excellent groups of the two side kicks used a shorter time than the ordinary group.The first-level athletes are more skilled in their movements.The two types of side kick have different time allocation proportions.The sliding side kick is shorter in the hitting stage,and the pad side kick is less used in the knee lifting stage.In the joint velocity changes,the joint velocity trends were similar.The hip has the smallest speed,the fastest ankle,and athletes with high sports levels have better coordination in the body.The speed of the sliding side kick is greater than that in the knee lift stage,and the speed is greater than that of the sliding side kick in the hitting stage.In the change of joint Angle,the hip Angle of the two side kicks changes the most,and the knee height of the left leg needs to be increased,so that the muscle produces more elastic potential energy,which is conducive to the maximum torque.The Angle of the supporting leg is small,which is conducive to the stability of the whole movement.