水污染处理用表面改性海绵的研究进展

Research Progress of Surface Modified Sponge for Water Pollution Treatment

表面改性海绵因设计灵活、高孔隙率、高吸附量成为吸附材料的研究热点。文章从表面改性方法和提高性能角度,综述了近年来水污染处理领域用以油水分离、吸附重金属及吸附染料的表面改性海绵最新研究成果及动向,指出当前表面改性海绵研究的瓶颈问题。研究表明:海绵表面疏水/疏油改性可实现油水的有效分离,改性海绵表面接枝的功能基团可通过螯合、静电作用等方式实现重金属离子的吸附,海绵表面引入基团与染料分子之间的电荷吸引、π-π相互作用、氢键等是实现染料吸附的重要因素。未来,表面改性海绵研究将朝向多功能性、智能化方向发展。

Surface modified sponge has gained significant attention as an adsorption material,due to its flexible design,high porosity and superior adsorption capacity.The latest research achievements and trends of surface modified sponges for oil-water separation,adsorption of heavy metals and dyes in recent years are reviewed from the perspective of surface modification strategies and improved properties.The current bottleneck issues in research on surface modified sponges are pointed out.The studies show that the hydrophobic/oleophobic modification on sponge surface successfully leads to oilwater separation.The grafted functional groups onto the modified sponge surface can implement the adsorption of heavy metal ions through chelation and electrostatic interaction.The effects between the introduced groups on the sponge surface and the dye molecules are the important factors for the realization of dye adsorption,including charge attraction,π-πinteraction and hydrogen bond.The future research on surface-modified sponges will be directed toward multifunctionality and intelligence.