木质素基发泡剂在硬质聚氨酯发泡中的阻燃性能研究

Flame Retardancy of Lignin-based Foaming Agent in Rigid Polyurethane Foam

以自制的木质素基发泡剂、甲基磷酸二甲酯及自制的杂化硅阻燃剂为原料,制备了硬质聚氨酯泡沫(RPUF),并探究木质素基发泡剂对硬质聚氨酯泡沫阻燃性能的影响。结果表明:木质素基发泡剂能降低聚醚黏度,提高物料的流动性,有利于聚氨酯的反应完全。使用木质素基发泡剂制备的硬质聚氨酯泡沫M0.30极限氧指数最高为19.7%,较传统二氯甲烷卤系泡沫(18%)提升了1.7%,这是由于以难燃性的CO_(2)作填充气体发泡提升了RPUF的阻燃性。加入杂化硅、甲基磷酸二甲酯(DMMP)阻燃剂后,RPUF的氧指数进一步提升到26.7%,残炭量提升至19%。M0.30泡沫的压缩强度也高于二氯甲烷卤系发泡泡沫,最高可达409.5 kPa。SEM结果显示,M0.30泡沫内部均匀分布着较小的泡孔结构。

In this paper,self-made lignin-based blowing agent,dimethyl methylphosphonate(DMMP),and selfmade hybrid silicon flame retardant were used as the raw materials to prepare rigid polyurethane foam(RPUF).The effect of lignin-based blowing agent on the flame retardancy of RPUF was studied.The results showed that lignin-based foaming agents can improve the fluidity of materials,reduce the viscosity of polyethers,and promote more thorough polyurethane reactions.Because the flame retardancy of RPUF was improved by foaming with fire-retardant CO_(2) as the filling gas,the limiting oxygen index(LOI)of rigid polyurethane foam M0.30 which prepared by the new lignin-based foaming agent was 19.7%,which was 1.7%higher than the conventional dichloromethane halogenated foam(18%).With the addition of hybrid silicon and DMMP flame retardant,the LOI of RPUF increased to 26.7%,and the carbon residue increased to 19%.The compression strength of foam M0.30 was higher than that of the halogenated dichloromethane foam,with the maximum value of 409.5 kPa.The SEM results showed that smaller cell structures were evenly distributed in M0.30 foam.