矮小症儿童临床特点及影响因素分析

Analysis of clinical characteristics and influencing factors of children with short stature

目的了解矮小症的临床特点,并分析其影响因素,为临床防治矮小症提供理论依据。方法选取2021年8月—2023年3月在丽水市中医院儿科就诊的矮小症患儿122例,并选取同期发育正常的儿童124例作为对照组,比较2组临床资料,分析矮小症临床特点及影响因素。结果观察组体质量、BMI、骨龄和骨龄指数(BAI)分别为(27.25±4.23)kg,17.52±2.65、(9.61±1.72)岁、0.91±0.25,对照组分别为(39.36±4.62)kg,20.85±2.72、(12.89±1.68)岁、1.26±0.29,观察组均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);多因素logistic回归分析显示维生素D缺乏(OR=4.608)、伴有基础疾病(OR=2.529)、家族矮小史(OR=1.931)、父亲身高<160 cm(OR=3.089)、母亲身高<150 cm(OR=3.861)、出生半年内行混合或牛奶喂养(OR=1.876)、家庭不和睦(OR=1.966)、每周弹跳运动较少(OR=4.898)、睡眠时长<10 h/d(OR=6.651)均是影响矮小症儿童发病的独立危险因素。结论矮小症儿童的体质量和骨龄等指标均低于正常身高儿童,矮小症的发病受环境和遗传等多种因素影响,临床应根据上述高危因素采取干预措施以降低矮小症的发生风险。

Objective To understand the clinical characteristics of nanosomia and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of short stature.Methods A total of 122 children with nanosomia in Lishui Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from August 2021 to March 2023 were selected as the research object,and 124 children with normal development during the same period were selected as the control group.Clinical data of the two groups were compared,and the clinical characteristics and influencing factors of nanosomia were analyzed.Results The body weight,BMI,bone age,and bone age index(BAI)of the observation group were(27.25±4.23)kg,17.52±2.65,(9.61±1.72)years,and 0.91±0.25,respectively,while the control group were(39.36±4.62)kg,20.85±2.72,(12.89±1.68)years,and 1.26±0.29,respectively.The observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed vitamin D deficiency(OR=4.608),accompanied by basic diseases(OR=2.529),family history of short stature(OR=1.931),paternal height less than 160 cm(OR=3.089),maternal height less than 150 cm(OR=3.861),mixed or breast-fed within six months of birth(OR=1.876),family discord(OR=1.966),less bounce exercise per week(OR=4.898),and sleep duration less than 10 h/d(OR=6.651)were independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of nanosomia in children.Conclusion The weight and bone age of children with nanosomia are lower than those of normal children.The occurrence of nanosomia is affected by many factors such as environment and heredity.Clinical intervention measures should be taken according to the above-mentioned high-risk factors to reduce the risk of nanosomia.