上海市虹梅街道老年人健康自我管理能力现状与影响因素调查研究

Investigation and study of the current situation and influencing factors of health self-management ability among the elderly people in Hongmei Community,Shanghai

目的:对上海市虹梅街道老年人的健康自我管理能力现状及其相关影响因素开展调查。方法:于2021年12月采用分层随机抽样方法从上海市徐汇区虹梅街道的4个居委中分别选取100名老年人、总共400名作为调查对象开展问卷调查,问卷内容包括一般资料、成年人健康自我管理能力测评量表和日常生活能力量表。结果:老年人健康自我管理能力平均得分为(152.40±22.64)分,标化后各分量表得分由高到低依次为健康自我管理认知(87.57±11.86)分、健康自我管理环境(79.00±14.36)分、健康自我管理行为(73.71±15.42)分。多元逐步回归分析结果显示,学历、生活满意度、运动状况、日常生活能力是对老年人健康自我管理能力具有统计学意义的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:上海市虹梅街道老年人健康自我管理能力仍有待提升,应重点关注日常生活能力受损、患有多种慢性疾病、学历较低的老年人,对其开展健康知识及健康行为教育,改善其健康自我管理水平、促进健康老龄化。

Objective:To investigate the current situation and related influencing factors of health self-management ability among elderly people in Hongmei Community,Shanghai.Methods:In December 2021,a stratified random sampling method was used to select 100 elderly people from 4 neighborhood committees in Hongmei Community,Xuhui District,Shanghai,respectively,a total of 400 were the respondents to conduct a questionnaire survey,which included general information,adult health self-management ability assessment scale,and activity of daily living scale.Results:The average score of health self-management ability in the elderly people was(152.40±22.64)points,after standardization,the scores of each subscale from high to low were as follows:health self-management cognition(87.57±11.86)points,health self-management environment(79.00±14.36)points,and health self-management behavior(73.71±15.42)points.The results of multiple stepwise regression analysis showed that educational background,life satisfaction,exercise status,and activity of daily living were statistically significant influencing factors on the self-management ability of elderly people’s health(P<0.05).Conclusion:The health self-management ability of the elderly still needs to be improved in Hongmei Community,Shanghai,special attention should be paid to elderly people with impaired daily living abilities,multiple chronic diseases,and lower education levels,and health knowledge and health behavior education should be provided to improve their health self-management level and promote healthy aging.