国际比较视域下“优师计划”政策的特征优势、潜在风险与应对举措

Characteristics, Advantages, Potential Risks, and Counter Measures ofthe Targeted High⁃Quality Teacher Preparation Plan froman International Comparative Perspective

“优师计划”是在我国情境中新近涌现的一项教师政策,旨在为我国中西部欠发达县域培养输送一批高质量教师,巩固脱贫攻坚成果、推进乡村振兴与社会现代化。与指向薄弱地区教师队伍建设的国际经验相比,“优师计划”政策依托我国国家治理体制、文化传统与改革基础呈现出若干特征与优势,包括聚焦“优质均衡与可持续发展”的政策价值诉求,突出“精准定向与优特化培养”的政策工具设计,体现“双阶引领与协同性实践”的政策实施保障。“优师计划”为国际社会建设薄弱地区教师队伍提供了一套值得期待的中国新方案。与此同时,国际相关政策的“失败”经验也预示着“优师计划”或面临师范生职前学习“躺平”、职后发展路径不清、政策宣称目标难以测量与达成等风险。“优师计划”政策主管部门与实施院校应前摄性地筹谋规划,综合采用多元助推策略激发“优师计划”师范生学习动力;加快建立职后发展支持体系,推动“优师计划”毕业生快速成长;明确政策可为边界,动态优化“优师计划”政策举措与成效。

The“Targeted High⁃Quality Teacher Preparation Plan”(or Youshi Jihua)is a recently emerged teacher policy in China.Youshi Jihua aims to prepare and channel high⁃quality teachers to underdeveloped counties in central and western regions of China,consolidate the achievements of the poverty⁃alleviation campaign,and promote rural revitalization and social modernization.Compared with international experience directed at developing the teacher workforce in hard⁃to⁃staff contexts,Youshi Jihua relies on China's national governance system,cultural traditions,and reform foundations to present several characteristics and advantages.These include a focus on high⁃quality,balanced,and sustainable development;precise targeting and tailored preparation;and synergized leadership and collaborative practice between national and local governments.Youshi Jihua provides a promising Chinese plan to the international community for strengthening the teacher workforce in underdeveloped regions.Meanwhile,the“failure”of relevant international policies also indicates that Youshi Jihua may face risks such as the participating students“lying flat”(lacking learning motivation),unclear paths of in⁃service development,and difficulties in measuring and realizing the stated policy goals.Educational authorities and implementing universities should proactively plan and comprehensively use multiple strategies to stimulate the learning motivation of Youshi Jihua student teachers,accelerate the establishment of in⁃service development support systems to promote Youshi Jihua student teachers'continuing professional growth,and clarify the policy boundaries to dynamically optimize Youshi jihua's policy measures and outcomes.