高质量发展背景下黄河流域主要城市供排水特征及问题解析

Analysis of the development characteristics and problems of water supply and drainage in major cities in the Yellow River basin under the background of high-quality development

围绕黄河流域城镇供、排水处理行业家底不清的实际问题,为应对黄河流域高质量发展的实际需求,通过构建指标体系、收集基础数据、归纳与总结,系统分析黄河流域供、排水特征。结果表明:2017-2021年,黄河流域用水人口呈缓慢上升的趋势,年平均增长率为3.80%,流域供水压力大;截至2021年底,黄河流域各省区公共供水总漏损水量共计5.90亿m^(3),共有41座城市漏损水量与公共供水总量比值高于9%,城市公共管网漏损水量高;2022年,黄河流域各省区城市生活污水集中收集率平均值为71.8%。其中,四川省和青海省的城市生活污水集中收集率分别为64.2%和53.9%,流域内城市生活污水集中收集率水平不一。建议流域各地区政府应高度重视提高水资源利用效率,拓展再生水利用领域和规模,同时应全面加强城市供水管道的智能监管,进一步降低管网漏损,以缓解流域供水压力。对于城市生活污水集中收集率低的城市应加强污水处理设施建设规划、合理推进雨污分流改造工程、注重污水收集管网的检测和维护,鼓励有条件的城市开展“清水”入流污水管网的影响以及清退的可行性研究,为提升污水处理系统运行能效提供基础保障。

In response to the actual needs of the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin,the characteristics of the water supply and drainage of the Yellow River basin are systematically analyzed through the establishment of an index system,the collection of basic data,induction and summary.The results showed as follows:From 2017 to 2021,the water-using population in the Yellow River basin showed a slow rising trend,with an average annual growth rate of 3.80%,and the water supply pressure in the basin was large.By the end of 2021,the total amount of water leakage from public water supply in the provinces and regions of the Yellow River basin is 590 million m^(3),and the ratio of water leakage to water leakage from public water supply is higher than 9%in 41 cities,and the amount of water leakage from urban public pipe networks is high.In 2022,the average centralized collection rate of urban domestic sewage in the provinces and regions of the Yellow River basin will be 71.8%.Among them,the centralized collection rate of domestic sewage in Sichuan province and Qinghai province was 64.2%and 53.9%,respectively,and the level of centralized collection rate of urban domestic sewage in the basin was different.It is suggested that the governments of all regions in the basin should attach great importance to improving the efficiency of water resources utilization,expanding the fields and scale of renewable water utilization,and strengthening the intelligent supervision of urban water supply in an all-round way to further reduce the leakage of pipe network,so as to alleviate the pressure of water supply in the basin.For cities with low centralized collection rate of urban domestic sewage,it is necessary to strengthen the construction planning of sewage treatment facilities,routine maintenance of sewage collection pipe network,systematic assessment of the impact of"clean water"inflow sewage pipe network and the feasibility of clearing,so as to provide basic guarantee for improving the operation efficiency of sewage treatment system.