建成环境对城市活力影响的空间异质性研究——以南京中心城区为例

Spatial heterogeneity of the impact of built environment on urban vitality:A case study of the central urban area of Nanjing

人本导向下精准识别城市活力的空间格局,深入揭示建成环境对其影响的空间异质性,可科学指导城市活力的有机营造。鉴于此,以南京中心城区为案例地,依托多源地理大数据进行相关理论与实证研究。主要发现如下:(1)基于居民活动时空大数据的城市活力测度模型,以及多尺度地理加权回归模型(MGWR)能够较好地识别活力空间格局并揭示建成环境对其影响的空间异质性。(2)城市活力具有较显著的空间极化现象,在空间分布上的普适均衡性、连续传导性、独立自主性较差。(3)建成环境与城市活力之间在不同空间尺度上存在正负不同方向、强弱不同程度上的相关性。(4)城市活力的营造应因人因时因地施策,协调好全局和局部空间关系,以提高应对策略的针对性和有效性。

Urban vitality largely reflects the quality of life of urban residents and the highquality level of urban development,and has always been a hot topic in urban geography and urban planning.In the transition period of urban development from incremental extension to stock connotation renewal,accurately identifying the spatial pattern of urban vitality under a people-oriented approach and revealing the spatial heterogeneity of the impact of built environment on it is a key prerequisite for scientifically enhancing urban vitality.Therefore,this paper attempts to take the central urban area of Nanjing as an example,based on geographic big data such as mobile signaling data and Baidu Map POI,and integrating the spatio-temporal attributes of daily activities of citizens as parameters to construct a measurement model of urban vitality,and analyze its spatial characteristics at the urban scale.On this basis,we expand the representation of"5D"built environment elements,construct an urban built environment impact indicator system that includes material space,social space,place space,and flow space elements,and use a multi-scale geographically weighted regression model(MGWR)to explore the spatial heterogeneity of the impact of built environment on urban vitality.These theoretical and empirical analyses provide scientific reference for the fine optimization of human-oriented urban vitality.The main findings are as follows:(1)The urban vitality measurement model based on big data of residents'activities,as well as the MGWR,can better identify the spatial pattern of vitality and reveal the spatial heterogeneity of the impact of built environment on it.(2)Urban vitality has a significant spatial polarization phenomenon,and its universal equilibrium,continuous conductivity and independent autonomy in spatial distribution are poor.(3)There is a correlation between built environment and urban vitality at different spatial scales,with positive and negative directions and varying degrees of strength.(4)The creation of urban vitality should be implemented according to the spatial and temporal scenes of resident activities,and the overall and local spatial relationships should be coordinated to improve the suitability and effectiveness of response strategies.