三峡库区“山-水-城”空间格局的生长模式与形成机理研究——以万州为例

The growth model and formation mechanism of"mountain-watercity"spatial pattern in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area:Take Wanzhou as an example

“山-水-城”空间格局是城市人工环境与自然山水环境交互适应所形成的空间组织关系。通过阐明“山-水-城”空间格局的概念内涵,从地理学视角建立其分析框架,选取典型城市万州为研究区,利用田野调查、地形位置指数模型、MCR模型等方法,综合研究三峡库区“山-水-城”空间格局的演化过程、生长模式、形成机理与优化调控。研究发现:(1)三峡库区“山-水-城”空间格局演化是一个“生成-强化-解构-重组”螺旋式上升的生长过程。在对外开埠与移民搬迁等因素的综合作用下,万州“山-水-城”空间格局的构成要素、结构形态与地域功能不断演化与重组。(2)三峡库区城市扩张对山水生态网络的影响与反馈,以及山水环境变化对城市空间生长的限制与引导,形成独特的“山-水-城”空间格局与生长模式,包括6种动态生长模式与12种静态生长模式。(3)地域性空间组织关系的重构以及城市系统的选择,决定“山-水-城”空间格局的形成与演化,受“自然山水环境+社会经济转型”“地域特殊事件+山水环境变化”的综合驱动,三峡库区城市空间生长逐渐突破实体门槛的限制,并向下一阶段生长周期持续演进。由此,提出库区“山-水-城”空间格局的调控路径,为治山、治水、治城一体推进与系统治理提供支撑。

The spatial pattern of"mountain-water-city"is the spatial organization relationship formed by the interactive adaptation of urban artificial environment and natural landscape environment.By clarifying the conceptual connotation of the"mountain-water-city"spatial pattern,this paper establishes its analysis framework from the perspective of geography.Wanzhou,a typical city,is selected as the research area,and the evolution process,growth model,formation mechanism and optimization regulation of the"mountain-water-city"spatial pattern in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area(TGRA)are comprehensively studied by using field investigation,topographic position index and MCR model.Therefore,the research results are as follows:(1)The evolution of the"mountain-water-city"spatial pattern in the TGRA is a spiral upward cycle of"generation,strengthening,deconstruction and reorganization".The elements,structural forms and regional functions of the"mountain-water-city"spatial pattern in Wanzhou are constantly evolving and reorganizing under the comprehensive effect of the opening of the port to the outside world and the relocation of the Three Gorges Project.(2)The impact and feed‐back of urban expansion on landscape ecological network in the TGRA,as well as the restric‐tion and guidance of landscape environment changes on urban spatial growth,formed a unique"mountain-water-city"spatial pattern and growth model,including 6 dynamic growth models and 12 static growth models.(3)The reconstruction of regional spatial organization relations and the selection of urban systems determine the formation and evolution of"mountain-watercity"spatial pattern.Driven by the comprehensive drive of"natural landscape environment+so‐cial and economic transformation"and"regional special events+landscape and environmental changes",the urban spatial growth in the TGRA gradually breaks through the physical threshold and continues to evolve in the next stage of growth cycle.Finally,this paper puts forward the regulation path of"mountain-water-city"spatial pattern in the TGRA,which provides support for the integrated promotion and systematic governance of mountain,water and city.