中国农村地区中老年人抑郁症状变化趋势:基于2011-2018年CHARLS数据

Trends in depressive symptoms among rural middle-aged and elderly in China:based on CHARLS data from 2011-2018

目的分析2011~2018年我国农村地区中老年人抑郁症状变化趋势,为促进中老年人心理健康的相关研究提供参考。方法利用2011年、2013年、2015年及2018年中国健康与养老追踪调查(China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study,CHARLS)数据,采用流行病调查中心抑郁量表10条目简易量表测量中老年人的抑郁症状。运用二分类logistic回归模型和线性回归模型进行多因素分析。结果2018年我国农村地区中老年人抑郁症状发生率为41.30%,是2011年的1.22倍(95%CI:1.13-1.32)。女性、40~50岁年龄阶段、独居、睡眠时长低于6小时、吸烟饮酒、患有慢性病和残疾是中老年人发生抑郁症状的危险因素。结论我国农村地区中老年人抑郁症状发生率从2011至2018年呈现出先降低后升高趋势。建议根据危险因素识别出重点关注对象,加强心理健康指导,促进中老年人群心理健康。

Objective This study aimed to analyze the trends in depressive symptoms among middle-aged individuals and the elderly in rural China from 2011 to 2018,and provided a reference for research related to the promotion of mental health.Methods Data from the 2011,2013,2015 and 2018 CHARLS were selected to measure depressive symptoms using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale 10-item short scale.Multifactorial analyses were conducted using dichotomous logistic regression models and linear regression models.Results The prevalence of depressive symptoms in rural middle-aged and elderly was 41.30%in 2018,1.22 times higher than the prevalence in 2011(95%CI:1.13-1.32).Being female,aged 40~50 years old,living alone,sleeping less than 6 hours,smoking and drinking,with chronic disease and disability were risk factors for depressive symptoms.Conclusion The prevalence of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly people in rural China showed a trend of decreasing first and then increasing from 2011 to 2018.Priority targets should be identified based on risk factors,and mental health guidance should be strengthened to promote the mental health of middle-aged and elderly.