2021年我国城乡居民健康素养水平及其影响因素研究

A Study on health literacy level and its influencing factors among urban and rural residents in China,2021

目的分析2021年我国城乡居民健康素养水平及其影响因素,为今后开展健康教育干预工作、制定相关卫生健康政策提供科学依据。方法2021年1—10月,采用多阶段分层整群概率抽样方法抽取全国15~69岁城乡居民进行问卷调查。采用二元Logistic回归模型分析影响居民健康素养水平的主要因素。结果经加权调整后,2021年城市居民和农村居民健康素养水平分别为30.70%和22.02%。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示:城市居民方面,以西部地区为参照,东部地区居民健康素养水平的OR值为1.372(95%CI:1.244~1.512);以15~24岁年龄段为参照,35~44岁年龄段居民健康素养水平的OR值为1.367(95%CI:1.140~1.640),65~69岁年龄段居民健康素养水平OR值为0.687(95%CI:0.553~0.854);以小学及以下文化程度为参照,初中、高中/职高/中专、大专及以上文化程度居民健康素养水平的OR值分别为1.849(95%CI:1.581~2.163)、3.471(95%CI:2.958~4.073)、7.564(95%CI:6.472~8.841)。农村居民方面,以西部地区为参照,东、中部地区居民健康素养水平OR值分别为1.595(95%CI:1.434~1.774)、1.587(95%CI:1.374~1.833);以15~24岁年龄段为参照,35~44岁年龄段居民健康素养水平OR值为1.546(95%CI:1.234~1.936),65~69岁年龄段居民健康素养水平的OR值为0.770(95%CI:0.598~0.993);以小学及以下文化程度为参照,初中、高中/职高/中专、大专及以上文化程度居民健康素养水平OR值分别为2.390(95%CI:2.139~2.669)、5.235(95%CI:4.548~6.025)、12.816(95%CI:10.926~15.033)。结论2021年我国城乡居民的健康素养水平均有进一步提升,但仍有较大上升空间,不同地区、年龄和文化程度对城乡居民健康素养的影响程度不同。

Objective To analyze the health literacy level and its influencing factors among urban and rural residents in China in 2021,and to provide scientific basis for health education intervention and health policy formulation in the future.Methods From January to October 2021,a questionnaire survey was conducted among urban and rural residents aged 15-69 years in China by multi-stage stratified cluster probability sampling.The main factors associated with residents'health literacy were analyzed by binary logistic regression model.Results In 2021,the health literacy level of urban residents and rural residents was 30.70% and 22.02%,respectively after weighting adjustment.The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that in terms of urban residents,the OR value of health literacy level of residents in the eastern region was 1.372(95%CI:1.244-1.512)compared with that in the western region.Compared with the age group of 15-24 years,the OR value of health literacy level of residents aged 35-44 years was 1.367(95%CI:1.140-1.640),and the 0R value of health literacy of residents aged 65-69 years was 0.687(95%CI:0.553-0.854).With the education level of primary school and below as the reference,the OR values of health literacy level of residents with junior high school,high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school,junior college and above were 1.849(95%Cl:1.581-2.163),3.471(95%Cl:2.958-4.073),7.564(95%CI:6.472-8.841).In terms of rural residents,compared with the western region,the 0R values of the health literacy level of residents in the eastern and central regions were 1.595(95%CI:1.434-1.774)and 1.587(95%CI:1.374-1.833),respectively.Compared with the age group of 15-24 years old,the OR value of health literacy level of residents aged 35-44 years old was 1.546(95%CI:1.234-1.936),and the OR value of health literacy level of residents aged 65-69 years old was 0.770(95%CI:0.598-0.993).With the education level of primary school and below as the reference,the OR values of health literacy level of residents with junior high school,high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school,junior college and above were 2.390(95%CI:2.139-2.669),5.235(95%CI:4.548-6.025),12.816(95%CI:10.926-15.033).Conclusion In 2021,the health literacy level of urban and rural residents in China has been further improved,but there is stil a large room for improvement,and different regions,ages and educational levels have different effects on the health literacy of urban and rural residents.