农村失能老人适应能力问卷编制及信效度检验

Development and test of an adaptability questionnaire for the disabled elderly in rural area

目的编制农村失能老人适应能力问卷,并检验其信效度。方法以罗伊适应模式为理论基础,结合文献回顾、质性访谈、小组讨论形成问卷初稿,邀请来自不同地域相关领域的18名专家进行Delphi专家咨询修改问卷,最后经认知性访谈、预实验完善问卷。依据经济发展水平,采用分层整群抽取豫北某乡下辖9个农村的255名农村失能老人进行问卷调查,借助SPSS 25.0软件进行信效度检验。结果农村失能老人适应能力问卷涵盖生理适应、心理精神适应、角色适应、社会适应4个维度32个条目。探索性因子分析得出4个公因子累积方差解释率为68.246%;问卷S-CVI为0.850,I-CVI为0.857~1.000(P<0.01);各维度间的相关系数为0.292~0.578,各维度与总问卷的相关系数为0.607~0.841(P<0.01);各维度与校标问卷的相关系数为0.524~0.645(P<0.01)。总问卷Cronbach's a系数为0.892,各维度Cronbach's a系数为0.705~0.794;重测信度为0.933。结论农村失能老人适应能力问卷具有良好的信效度,适用于测评我国农村失能老人的失能适应能力水平。

Objective To develop a questionnaire on adaptability of the disabled elderly in rural area and test its reliability and validity.Methods Based on the Roy adaptation model,the first draft of questionnaire was formed by literature review,qualitative interview and group discussion.Eighteen experts from different regions were invited to conduct Delphi expert consultation to modify the questionnaire.Then,the questionnaire was improved by cognitive interview and pre-experiment.From May to June 2022,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 255 disabled elderly in 9 rural villages of a township in northern of Henan Province by stratified cluster sampling,and the reliability and validity were tested by SPSS 27.0.Results The adaptability questionnaire for rural disabled elderly covered 32 items in 4 dimensions:physiological adaptation,psychological adaptation,role adaptation and social adaptation.Exploratory factor analysis showed that the cumulative variance interpretation rate of 4 common factors was 68.246%.The S-CVI was 0.850 and 1I-CVI was 0.857-1.000(P<0.01).The correlation coefficient between each dimension was 0.292-0.578,and the correlation coefficient between each dimension and the total questionnaire was 0.607-0.841(P<0.01).The correlation coefficient between each dimension and the calibration questionnaire was 0.524-0.645(P<0.01).The Cronbach's a coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.892,and the Cronbach's a coefficient of each dimension was 0.705-0.794,and the test-retest reliability was 0.933.Conclusion The rural disabled elderly adaptability questionnaire has good reliability and validity,which is suitable for evaluating the level of disability adaptability of rural disabled elderly in China.