论民事保全的反担保

Research on Contra-guarantee

《民事诉讼法》第107条关于解除保全的规定是民事保全的反担保的原则性规范,《民诉法解释》第167条关于保全标的物置换的规定是对反担保具体情形的细化解释。反担保是为了解除对现有保全执行标的的查封等执行措施而作为替代由债务人(被保全人)或第三人提供的担保,其目的是在不损害债权人(保全申请人)利益的前提下增进债务人的利益。反担保的适用范围包括被保全权利是金钱给付请求权或者能够通过金钱给付达到其行使目的的财产保全案件。反担保可以采用财产担保,其标准是新的保全执行标的等值于且变价不难于现有保全执行标的;反担保也可以采用保证担保,其标准是提供保证的第三人符合法定资质或者具备相应的资金能力和良好的信用状况。反担保应当通过独立的程序统一交由执行机关审查处理,而不应适用保全复议程序或者执行行为异议程序。反担保将使债务人恢复对现有保全执行标的的处分权,但并不会使债权人就新的保全执行标的享有优先权。

Article 107 of the Civil Procedure Law establishes the foundational principle of contra-guarantee,and Article 167 of the Interpretation of the Civil Procedure Law provides detailed specifications for the substitution of preserved objects in contra-guaranteed scenarios.Contra-guarantee,offered by the debtor(the preserved party) or a third-party,serves as a substitute to alleviate enforcement measures such as seals on the extant preserved subject.The primary objective is to advance the interests of the debtor without detriment to the rights of the creditor(the preservation applicant).Contra-guarantee applies to cases involving monetary claims or property preservation achievable through monetary means.It can take the form of property security,where the new preservation subject is commensurate in value,or guarantee security,contingent upon the third-party meeting statutory qualifications or demonstrating financial capacity and a commendable credit profile.A separate and standardized scrutiny process by the enforcement authority is mandated for contra-guarantees,distinct from reconsideration or objection procedures applicable to preservation matters.The restorative effect of contra-guarantees reinstates the debtor's disposal rights over the preserved subject without granting the creditor priority over the new preservation subject.