天然鳞片石墨提纯研究进展

Research progress on purification of natural flake graphite

天然鳞片石墨是一种战略资源,对国民经济发展及现代化建设具有重要作用。石墨材料因其具有导电、耐热、抗腐蚀、韧性好、润滑性能好等优异性能,被广泛应用于密封、铸造、防火材料、导电材料等传统工业领域,在新能源、电子信息技术、高端装备技术等新兴领域也具有潜在的应用价值,被誉为“工业黑金”。虽然我国有着丰富的石墨资源,但由于石墨提纯技术落后,石墨深加工产品与国外仍有一定差距。石墨材料纯度越高其应用价值越高,因此,研究高效、节能的石墨提纯技术对我国石墨产业的发展具有十分重要的意义。目前,常用的石墨提纯方法可分为物理提纯法和化学提纯法,其中,物理提纯法包括浮选法、高温法,化学提纯法包括氢氟酸法、酸碱法和氯化焙烧法。分析对比了这几种提纯方法的原理、优点及存在的问题。未来的研究方向主要集中在对单一提纯方法的工艺流程、提纯设备的优化,多种方法联合使用,以及新方法的开发及应用等方面。

Graphite,a strategic non-metallic mineral resource,has excellent performance,such as conductivity,heat resistance,corrosion resistance,good toughness,good lubrication.It has been widely used in traditional industrial fields such as sealing,casting,fireproof materials,and conductive materials.They are also called as“industrial black gold”because of its prospective applications in growing industries such as new energy,electronic information technology,and high-end equipment technology.Despite China’s enormous graphite resources,there is still a significant difference between graphite deep processing goods and those produced in other nations due to the technological limitations of graphite purification.The better the purity of graphite materials is,the greater their application value is.Therefore,research effective and energy-saving graphite purification technologies is very important for the development of graphite industry.Graphite purification processes are typically classified as physical or chemical purification processes.Physical purification processes include flotation and high-temperature method,while chemical purification processes include hydrofluoric acid method,alkali acid processing method and chlorination roasting method.This paper mainly introduces the research progress of different graphite purification processes,including the principles of purification process and purification equipments,and analyzes the advantages and existing problems of different methods.The future research direction will mainly focus on optimizing the process and purification equipment,using multiple methods in combination,and developing the new methods.