氮磷钾配施对白叶一号茶叶产量、品质及茶花生物量的影响

Effect of combined application of NPK fertilization on tea yield,quality and camellia biomass of Baiye No.1

采用“3414”不完全区组正交设计的氮(N)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))、钾(K_(2)O)3因子施肥试验(N_(0)P_(0)K_(0)、N_(0)P_(2)K_(2)、N_(1)P_(2)K_(2)、N_(2)P_(0)K_(2)、N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)、N_(2)P_(2)K_(2)、N_(2)P_(3)K_(2)、N_(2)P_(2)K_(0)、N_(2)P_(2)K_(1)、N_(2)P_(2)K_(3)、N_(3)P_(2)K_(2)、N_(1)P_(1)K_(2)、N_(1)P_(2)K_(1)、N_(2)P_(1)K_(1)),通过测定白叶一号茶叶产量、品质、茶花生物量,拟合氮、磷、钾与茶叶产量及茶花生物量的肥料效应方程,结合不同氮磷钾配施条件下茶叶的品质性状确定施肥量。结果表明,N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)施肥处理茶叶产量仅次于N_(2)P_(2)K_(0)、N_(2)P_(1)K_(1)和N_(2)P_(2)K_(3),茶花生物量仅高于N_(0)P_(2)K_(2),茶叶产量占茶花生物量百分比为13.5%,高于其他施肥处理。N_(2)P_(1)K_(1)施肥处理茶叶产量占茶花生物量百分比仅次于N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)处理,但其春茶茶多酚、酚氨比、儿茶素含量最低,品质最优,其中茶多酚含量为14.31%、儿茶素含量为6.64%,均显著低于其他施肥处理。通过拟合氮、磷、钾肥和茶叶产量的三元二次方程及一元一次方程,解析推荐施肥量为氮(N)349~526 kg/hm^(2)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))0~56 kg/hm^(2)、钾(K_(2)O)0~145 kg/hm^(2),推荐最佳施肥量为氮(N)349 kg/hm^(2)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))56 kg/hm^(2)、钾(K_(2)O)0 kg/hm^(2)。该茶园土壤氮、磷、钾养分含量较高,综上所述,推荐最佳施肥量为氮(N)349 kg/hm^(2)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))56 kg/hm^(2)、钾(K_(2)O)0 kg/hm^(2)。

This study adopted a 3-factor fertilization experiment with nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P_(2)O_(5))and potassium(K_(2)O)in an incomplete orthogonal design of“3414”(N_(0)P_(0)K_(0),N_(0)P_(2)K_(2),N_(1)P_(2)K_(2),N_(2)P_(0)K_(2),N_(2)P_(1)K_(2),N_(2)P_(2)K_(2),N_(2)P_(3)K_(2),N_(2)P_(2)K_(0),N_(2)P_(2)K_(1),N_(2)P_(2)K_(3),N_(3)P_(2)K_(2),N_(1)P_(1)K_(2),N_(1)P_(2)K_(1),N_(2)P_(1)K_(1)),the camellia biomass,tender leaves yield,and dry tea quality of Baiye No.1 were measured.Furthermore,the equations that accounted for the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers were established and combined with quality traits to determine the amount of fertilizer to be applied.The results revealed that the tender leaves yield of N_(2)P_(1)K_(2)treatment was lower than N_(2)P_(2)K_(0),N_(2)P_(1)K_(1)and N_(2)P_(2)K_(3),and camellia biomass was only higher than N_(0)P_(2)K_(2),The percentage of tea green leaf yield to tea flower biomass was 13.5%,higher than other fertilizer treatments.The N2P1K1 treatment had the second-highest tea green leaf yield and tea flower biomass percentage.However,it showed the lowest content of tea polyphenols,phenylalanine to ammonia ratio,and catechins,indicating superior quality.The tea polyphenol content was 14.31%,and the catechin content was 6.64%,which was significantly lower than that of other fertilizer treatments.By fitting the ternary quadratic equation and the univariate quadratic equation of N,P and K fertilizer and yield of Baiye No.1,the recommended fertilization amount was analyzed as follows:N 349-526 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)-56 kg/hm^(2),K_(2)O 0-145 kg/hm^(2),the recommended optimal fertilizer application rates were N 349 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)56 kg/hm^(2),and K_(2)O 0 kg/hm^(2).In summary,the soil at the experimental site had high nutrient content of N,P and K.Therefore,the recommended optimal fertilizer application rates were N 349 kg/hm^(2),P_(2)O_(5)56 kg/hm^(2)and K_(2)O 0 kg/hm^(2).