不同有机肥替代比例对橘园土壤及果实品质影响研究

Effects of different organic fertilizer substitution ratio on soil and fruit quality of citrus

为降低柑橘化肥氮用量促进橘园可持续发展,开展有机肥替代化肥对柑橘果实品质、土壤养分、微生物活性以及细菌群落的影响研究。采用单因素随机区组设计,设置4个有机肥替代化肥处理:0(CK)、25%替代(T1)、50%替代(T2)、75%替代(T3)。在柑橘成熟期,取样测定土壤养分、果实品质、土壤酶活性、土壤细菌群落以及全年柑橘CO_(2)通量。施用有机肥显著提升土壤速效养分进而提升柑橘果重、维生素C、可溶性固形物等果实品质。有机肥替代化肥提升了土壤微生物活性,提高了土壤CO_(2)排放通量。施用有机肥显著提升了土壤β-葡萄糖苷酶、酸性磷酸酶活性,显著降低了亮氨酸氨基肽酶活性。有机肥替代化肥显著提升了土壤细菌群落多样性,提高了土壤抗病菌如红游动菌属(Rhodoplanes)与芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)的相对丰度。RDA分析结果表明:有机肥替代化肥对土壤细菌群落产生影响,其中土壤有效磷、有机质、pH、有效镁是本试验中影响橘园土壤细菌群落的关键因子。有机肥替代显著提高了土壤微生物活性,提升了土壤速效养分,增加了有益菌的相对丰度,对柑橘健康生长发挥了重要作用,其中有机肥替代基肥中50%的化肥在提升土壤速效养分与柑橘品质方面效果最佳,与施用化肥的对照相比,显著提升34.58%柑橘果重、14.02%横径、15.21%纵径、25.43%可溶性固形物含量、16.46%维生素C含量。研究结果可为合理开展柑橘园有机肥替代化肥,提高柑橘品质和促进橘园可持续发展提供参考。

In order to reduce the nitrogen dosage of citrus fertilizer and promote the sustainable development of orange orchard,the influence of organic fertilizer replacement on citrus fruit quality,soil nutrients,microbial activity and bacterial community was carried out.The experiment adopted a one-factor randomized block design.Four treatments of organic fertilizers substituting chemical fertilizer were set up:0(CK),25%substitution(T1),50%substitution(T2)and 75%substitution(T3).During the ripening period,soil was sampled to determine soil nutrients,fruit quality,soil enzyme activity,soil bacterial communities,and citrus CO_(2) flux throughout the year.The application of organic fertilizer significantly improved the soil fast nutrients and thus improved the fruit weight,vitamin C and soluble solids.The replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer improved soil microbial activity and improved soil CO_(2) emission flux.The application of organic fertilizer significantly improved the activity of soilβ-glucosidase(BG)and acid phosphatase(AP),and significantly reduced the activity of leucine aminopeptidase(LAP).The replacement of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer significantly increased the diversity of soil bacterial community and improved the relative abundance of soil bacteria such as Rhoplankton and Bacillus.The results of RDA analysis showed that the replacement of organic fertilizer affected the soil bacterial community,among which the effective phosphorus,organic matter,pH and effective magnesium were the key factors affecting the bacterial community in this experiment.Organic fertilizer replacement significantly improved the soil microbial activity,activated the soil quick nutrients,increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria,played an important role in citrus healthy growth.Organic fertilizer replacing 50%of chemical fertilizer in base fertilizer had the best effect on improving soil available nutrients and citrus quality,compared with CK,it significantly increased citrus fruit weight by 34.58%,transverse diameter by 14.02%,longitudinal diameter by 15.21%,soluble solid content by 25.43%and vitamin C content by 16.46%.The results can provide reference for the rational replacement of organic fertilizer in citrus orchard,improve the quality of citrus and promote the sustainable development of orange orchard.