成都市社区微型养老设施过渡季室内热舒适研究

Indoor Thermal Comfort of Community Micro-pension Facilities in a Typical City in Hot Summer and Cold Winter Area in Transition Season

近年来,随着嵌入式养老模式的兴起,社区微型养老设施在国内的建设数量与日俱增。为研究成都市过渡季社区微型养老设施室内老年人的人体热舒适情况,并为后续的建设提供数据支撑和参考,于2021年10月-11月对成都市该设施内的老年人进行了热舒适状况调研,选取了具有代表性的案例开展了热环境测量。通过对105位老年人的问卷填写结果和现场测量数据进行分析得出:(1)该地区老年人对于社区微型养老设施过渡季室内热环境接受度较为良好,但认为需要进一步提高温度、降低湿度及控制风速的老年人占比在10%~20%之间。(2)运用回归分析法建立过渡季热舒适评价模型后,通过计算得出实测热中性温度为20.56℃,且实测热中性温度与可接受温度范围均大于预测的热中性温度与可接受温度范围,说明老年人在过渡季喜好偏暖的室内环境以及对温度变化的实际敏感度较预测的更低。(3)现场实测结果表明,成都市社区微型养老设施过渡季室内热环境整体略微偏冷,同时相对湿度偏高,建议适当提升透明围护结构的太阳辐射得热能力并采用除湿手段。(4)热环境实测参数与热舒适模型的结合分析结果显示,南向老人起居室内过渡季热舒适情况相对北向更好;采用阳光房有利于在日间营造舒适的室内热环境;彩钢夹芯板房白天开窗可提升室内热环境状况;种植过多的植被会阻碍太阳辐射得热,降低过渡季老年人在室的热舒适度。

In recent years,the prosperity of embedded pension model results in the increasing number of community micro-pension facilities established in China.In order to study the thermal comfort of the elderly in community micro-pension facilities in Chengdu during the transition season for providing data support and reference for subsequent construction,a field investigation was conducted in Chengdu in November 2021 by a questionnaire survey and some representative buildings were selected for indoor thermal environment measurement.The analysis results from 105 old people and field measurement indicate:(1) The elderly in this area had a good acceptance of the indoor thermal environment in community micro-pension facilities,but proportion of the elderly who thought that it was necessary to increase the temperature,reduce the humidity and control the wind speed is between 10% and 20%.(2) After establishing the thermal comfort evaluation model in transition season by using the regression analysis method,it was calculated that the thermal neutral temperature was 20.56 ℃,and the measured thermal neutral temperature and the acceptable temperature range were both larger than predicted,illustrating that the elderly prefer warm indoor environment and the real sensitivity to the change of temperature is lower than the predicted.(3) The on-site measurement results show that the indoor thermal environment of community micro elderly care facilities in Chengdu during the transition season was slightly cool,and the relative humidity was relatively high.It is recommended to appropriately enhance the solar radiation heat absorption capacity of the transparent enclosure structure and use dehumidification methods.(4) The analysis results of the combination of measured parameters of thermal environment and thermal comfort model show that the thermal comfort situation in the transition season of elderly living rooms in the south direction is relatively better than that in the north direction;Using a sunroom is beneficial for creating a comfortable indoor thermal environment during the day;Opening windows during the day in color steel sandwich panel houses can improve the indoor thermal environment;Planting too much vegetation can hinder solar radiation and reduce the thermal comfort of elderly people indoors during the transition season.