“无车社区”设计实践及启示

The Practice of the Design of “Car-Free Community” and Its Enlightenment

20世纪90年代初,在城市可持续发展的背景下,为了解决石油短缺的问题,欧洲部分城市提出了“无车社区”的理念,并且成功应用于实践中。在我国老旧小区停车难问题日益突出的今天,重新研究“无车社区”理念或许可以为解决这一问题提供思路。文章通过对德国Vauban社区、荷兰GWL-Terreina社区和澳大利亚Christie Walk社区这三个实践案例进行研究,从规划、管理和居民理念三个方向探讨了“无车社区”的实现途径。最后,文章建议,从发展健全内外公共交通系统、合理规划社区内部交通与停车、美化社区自然环境和倡导居民参与设计这四个方面着手,改善老旧小区停车难的状况。

In the early 1990s,in the context of sustainable development,in order to solve oil shortage problem,some European cities put forward the theory of “car-free community”,which has been successfully used in practice.Nowadays,the parking problem in old neighborhoods is becoming increasingly prominent in our country.Re-studying the concept of “car-free community”may provide ideas for solving the problem.The paper studies the practical cases of Vauban Community in Germany,GWL-Terreina Community in Holland and Christie Walk Community in Australia,and discusses ways to realize this theory from three directions,including planning,management and residents' ideas.Finally,the paper offers four suggestions to improve the parking difficulties in old residential areas,including improving the internal and external public transport system,reasonably planning the internal traffic and parking,beatifying natural environment and advocating residents to participate in the design.