基于培智儿童特征的特殊教育学校公共空间康复性模块设计探索

Exploration on the Design of Rehabilitation Modules in Public Space of Special Education Schools Based on the Characteristics of Mentally Retarded Children

特殊教育学校是培智儿童完成从被家庭保护到被社会接纳过程的重要场所。“缺陷补偿”理论,是指针对特殊学生的障碍特点,综合创造和利用一切建筑空间、建筑环境等有利因素,通过各种感官和途径,代替、改善、促进因障碍造成的功能性损伤。由于建筑环境与人的行为之间具有极强的互动性,因此建筑环境也是补偿的一种有效手段,有利于补偿培智儿童的生理及心理缺陷,促进学生日常行为的规范化、社会化,更好地达到融入社会的目的。文章以金堂特教学校新建工程为契机,研究培智儿童的障碍特征与其相应补偿策略,提出培智学校的各功能区的模块化设计。

Special education schools are an important place for children to complete their transition from being protected by their families to being accepted by society.The theory of “defect compensation” refers to the comprehensive creation and use of all favorable factors such as architectural space and built environment according to the characteristics of special students' disabilities,and replaces,improves and promotes the functional damages caused by impairments through various senses and ways.As there is strong interaction between the architectural environment and people's behaviors,the architectural environment is also an effective means for compensation,which is beneficial for compensating the physiological and psychological defects of the mentally retarded children,promoting the standardization and socialization of students' daily behaviors,and better achieving the purpose of social integration.Taking the new project of Jintang Special Education School as an opportunity,this paper studies the impairment characteristics of the mentally retarded children and their corresponding compensation strategies,and proposes the modular design of each functional area of special school cultivating the mentally retarded children.