东莞樟木头客家村落的形成与变迁

The Formation and Change of Hakka Village in Zhangmutou,Dongguan

樟木头是东莞唯一的纯客家镇,客家先民迁居于此已有八百年历史,村落是客家历史发展的物证,但目前传统客家村落正逐渐消亡。系统性地保护和活化客家村落,对于客家文化的传承和发展及振兴旅游产业有着重要意义。文章旨在总结樟木头客家村落的形成与变迁历程,分析村落的形态和建筑特色及在广客交融进程中的变化,主要方法有分析历史文献,结合实地调研,并在时空上进行对比。文章梳理了樟木头客家村落在宋至明、清、民国三个历史时期的变迁,总结了村落的形态及变化,指出地理环境及广客交融的进程是促成变化的重要原因。文章还介绍了金字廊排屋这一村落基本组成单元的形制与布局,总结了当前樟木头传统客家村落的保护现状。

Zhangmutou is the only pure Hakka town in Dongguan,where Hakka ancestors have moved here for eight hundred years.The village is a physical evidence of the development of Hakka history,but currently,the traditional Hakka villages are gradually disappearing.Systematically protecting and activating Hakka villages is of great significance for the inheritance and development of Hakka culture,as well as the revitalization of the tourism industry.The paper aims to summarize the process of the formation and transformation of the Hakka village in Zhangmutou,and to analyze the form and architectural characteristics of the village and its changes in the process of integration with the Cantonese and Hakkas.The main methods include analyzing historical literature,combining field investigation,and comparing in time and space.This paper reviews the changes of the Hakka village in Zhangmutou during the three historical periods of Song to Ming dynasties,Qing dynasty,and the Republic of China.It summarizes the form and changes of the village,and points out that the geographical environment and the process of integrating Cantonese and Hakkas are important reasons for the changes.The paper also introduces the form and layout of the basic unit of the village,the Jin aisle townhouse,and summarizes the current protection status of the traditional Hakka village in Zhangmutou.