《2022全球癌症统计报告》解读:中国与全球对比

Interpretation and analysis of the Global Cancer Statistics Report 2022:a comparison between China and the world

目的通过及时了解2024年4月在《临床医师癌症杂志》(CA:A Cancer Journal for Clinicians)发表的《2022全球癌症统计报告:全球185个国家36种癌症发病率和死亡率估计》中报告的全球癌症最新统计数据,为我国及时调整癌症预防及控制措施提供参考。方法系统整理并分析了GLOBOCAN 2022中的统计数据,对分年龄、性别、类型及地区的癌症发病和死亡情况进行全面解读,重点对中国癌症与世界癌症水平的比较进行分析,并结合可能的危险因素流行情况和现行癌症预防及控制措施进行讨论。结果①从全球看,2022年全球新发癌症病例1997.6万例、标化发病率196.9/10万,死亡病例974.4万例、标化死亡率91.7/10万;所有癌症的标化发病率在欧洲最高(268.1/10万)、东南亚最低(109.6/10万),所有癌症的标化死亡率在欧洲最高(106.3/10万)、东南亚最低(71.0/10万);全球发病前3位的癌症分别是肺癌、乳腺癌、结直肠癌,死亡前3位的癌症分别是肺癌、结直肠癌、肝癌;所有癌症的标化发病率和标化死亡率均随年龄增长呈上升趋势。全球男性的新发病例数和标化发病率以及癌症死亡例数和标化死亡率均高于女性,肺癌和乳腺癌分别是男性和女性的第1位常见癌症和第1位癌症死亡原因。②在中国,2022年中国癌症新发病例482.5万例、标化发病率为201.6/10万,死亡病例257.4万例、标化死亡率96.5/10万,按标化发病率和标化死亡率顺位排序在185个国家中均位于第65位,癌症新发病例数顺位前3位者分别为肺癌、结直肠癌及甲状腺癌,癌症死亡例数顺位前3位者分别为肺癌、肝癌及胃癌。结论2022年全球癌症标化发病率和标化死亡率均较2020年(196.9/10万比201.0/10万、91.7/10万比100.7/10万)有所下降。我国新发癌症第1位与全球一致(均是肺癌),而第2、3位与全球不同,我国第2、3位分别是结直肠癌和甲状腺癌,全球第2、3位分别是乳腺癌和结直肠癌。我国与全球的首位癌症死因均为肺癌,而第2、3位与全球不同,我国第2、3位癌症死因分别为肝癌和胃癌,而全球第2、3位分别是结直肠癌和肝癌。通过对中国癌症与全球癌症的流行病学特征比较,了解了我国癌症负担的特点,为制定适合我国国情的癌症综合防治措施提供了科学依据。

Objective To provide a basis for timely adjustment of cancer prevention and control measures in China through timely understanding of the latest 2022 global cancer statistics reported in the CA:A Cancer Journal for Clinicians published“Global cancer statistics 2022:GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries”.Methods The statistical data of GLOBOCAN in 2022 were systematically analyzed and the incidence and mortality of cancer by age,sex,type,and region were comprehensively interpreted.The changing trends in cancer were compared between China and the rest of the world,and the potential risk factors as well as current cancer prevention and control measures were summarized.Results①Globally,for both sexes combined,there were an estimated 19.976 million new cases and 9.744 million cancer deaths in 2022.The age-standardized incidence rate(ASIR)was 196.9 per 100000 and the age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)was 91.7 per 100000 in 2022.The ASIR of all cancers was highest in Europe(268.1 per 100000)and lowest in South-East Asia(109.6 per 100000),as well as the ASMR of all cancers was highest in Europe(106.3 per 100000)and lowest in South-East Asia(71.0 per 100000).The top three cancer types of newly diagnosed cancer cases were lung,breast,and colorectal cancer,while the top three leading causes of cancer deaths were lung,colorectal,and liver cancer.The incidence and mortality rates of all cancers increased with advancing age.The numbers of newly diagnosed cancer cases and cancer deaths,as well as the age-standardized rates were consistently higher among men compared to women.The lung cancer and breast cancer ranked first in terms of newly diagnosed cancer cases among men and women,respectively.Consistently,the lung cancer and breast cancer were also the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among men and women,respectively.②In China,there were an estimated 4.825 million new cases and 2.574 million cancer deaths.The ASIR was 201.6 per 100000 and the ASMR was 96.5 per 100000 in 2022.The ASIR and ASMR both ranked 65th out of 185 countries.The top three cancer types among newly diagnosed cases were lung cancer,colorectal cancer,and thyroid cancer,while the top three leading causes of cancer deaths were lung cancer,liver cancer,and gastric cancer.Conclusions The cancers incidences and deaths worldwide in 2022 have declined from that in 2020(196.9 per 100000 versus 201.0 per 100000,91.7 per 100000 versus 100.7 per 100000,respectively).Lung cancer is the leading type of newly diagnosed cancer both in China and globally.However,the second and third most common cancers in China differ from the global picture.In China,colorectal cancer and thyroid cancer take the second and third spots,respectively;Whereas globally,breast cancer and colorectal cancer occupy these positions.Lung cancer is the first ranked leading cause of death in both China and globally.However,there are differences in the second and third most common causes.In China,liver cancer and gastic cancer take the second and third spots,respectively;While globally,colorectal cancer and liver cancer occupy these positions.This study analyzes the characteristics of the disease burden of cancer in China by comparing the epidemiological features of cancer in China and worldwide,aiming to provide scientific evidences for developing comprehensive cancer prevention and control measures tailored specifically to China’s national conditions.