全球及中国的肝癌流行病学特征:基于《2022全球癌症统计报告》解读

Epidemiological characteristics of liver cancer worldwide and in China:an interpretation of global cancer statistics 2022

目的了解全球及中国最新的肝癌流行病学特征情况。方法本团队通过对2024年4月国际癌症研究机构团队在其旗下权威杂志《临床医师癌症杂志》(CA:A Cancer Journal for Clinicians)发布的《最新全球癌症统计报告》及近期中国疾病预防控制中心国家慢性病和非传染性疾病控制与预防中心研究团队在Lancet Public Health上发表的《2005–2020年中国癌症负担变化》这2篇报告中的结果进行整理并做简要解读,分析了2018–2022年肝癌在全球和中国的流行趋势变化、2022年全球不同人类发展指数和收入水平国家肝癌的ASIRW(世界标准人口年龄标准化发病率)和ASMRW(世界标准人口年龄标准化死亡率)变化情况、2022年全球和中国不同年龄段肝癌的发病和死亡情况以及2005–2020年中国肝癌的疾病负担变化。结果2022年全球肝癌新发病例865269例,死亡病例757948例,是全球第6大新发癌症及第3大癌症致死病因。全球和中国2018–2022年肝癌发病和死亡情况均趋于平稳或呈下降趋势,它们在男性人群中均高于女性,而且在中国总体人群和男性人群中均明显高于全球。2022年肝癌ASIRW和ASMRW在高人类发展指数和中等偏上收入水平国家人群中均最高。全球及中国2022年的肝癌ASIRW和ASMRW均随年龄增长而增高。我国2005–2020年所有年龄段死亡例数、ASMRW、生命损失年和年龄标准化生命损失年率的平均年度百分比变化均为负值,提示各指标均呈现下降趋势,而2020年我国男性和女性的肝癌ASMRW均随年龄增长而增高。结论肝癌在中国和全球仍面临巨大的疾病负担,在未来贯彻落实肝癌一级和二级预防策略仍是防治肝癌的重要措施,同时仍需继续做好肝癌全程多学科规范化管理。

Objective To understand the latest epidemiological situation of liver cancer worldwide and in China.Methods This team organized and briefly interpreted the results of the two reports,the International Agency for Research on Cancer team released the latest global cancer statistics report in its authoritative journal,CA:A Cancer Journal for Clinicians,in April 2024,the research team from the National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention at the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention published an article in the Lancet Public Health on the changes in cancer burden in China from 2005 to 2020.The epidemiological trends of liver cancer worldwide and in China from 2018 to 2022,the changes in age-standardized incidencerate by world standard population(ASIRW)and age-standardized mortality rate by world standard population(ASMRW)of liver cancer in countries with different human development index(HDI)and income levels in the world in 2022,the incidence and death of liver cancer in different age groups in the world and China in 2022,and the changes in the disease burden of liver cancer in China from 2005 to 2020 were anlyzed.Results In 2022,there were 865269 new cases and 757948 deaths of liver cancer globally,it was the sixth most common malignancy and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide.The incidence and mortality of liver cancer worldwide and in China from 2018 to 2022 tended to be stable or declining,which in men were higher than those in women,and which in all population and males in China were higher than those in the world.The ASIRW and ASMRW were the highest in the countries with high HDI and upper-middle income levels.With the increase of age,the ASIRW and ASMRW of liver cancer continued to increase in the world and in China.The average annual percentage changes(AAPCs)in the deaths,ASMRW,year of life loss,and age-standardized year of life loss for all age groups in China from 2005 to 2020 were negative,indicating a downward trend for each of these indicators.The ASMRW of liver cancer increased with the increasing of age in 2020 in China.Conclusions Liver cancer continues to pose a significant disease burden worldwide and in China.Therefore,implementing primary and secondary prevention strategies for liver cancer in the future is a major measure for its prevention and control.Additionally,continuous efforts are needed to ensure multidisciplinary and standardized management of liver cancer throughout its course.