老年人社会网络类型与主观幸福感相关性研究

Association between social network types and subjective well-being among older adults

目的分析老年人的社会网络特征,探讨老年人社会网络类型与主观幸福感之间的关系。方法在浙江、四川、吉林、湖南四地采用二阶段抽样,对老年人的社会人口学资料、主观幸福感、健康状况、社会联系等情况进行问卷调查。采用二阶聚类法将老年人的社会网络分为不同类型。采用Kruskal-Wallis检验和广义线性模型分析社会网络类型与主观幸福感之间的关联。结果调查地区老年人的社会网络类型以家庭型(37.0%)为主。不同年龄、性别、文化程度和月收入情况的老年人的社会网络类型不同;不同年龄、性别、文化程度、月收入、自评健康、衰弱程度、心理健康、抑郁、认知障碍、社会网络类型的老年人幸福感得分不同,工作人员型老年人幸福感低于其他所有类型,多元型和家庭型老年人幸福感高于其他所有类型,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。广义线性模型显示,控制了年龄、性别、文化程度、月收入、自评健康、衰弱程度、心理健康及抑郁因素后,与家庭型社会网络的老年人相比,多元型(B=1.082,P=0.014)老年人的主观幸福感更高,工作人员型(B=-3.961,P<0.001)和子女型(B=-1.141,P=0.005)老年人的主观幸福感更低。结论调查地区老年人的社会网络以配偶和子女为中心,可以通过鼓励老年人多结交朋友、多与亲属交流等方式优化老年人的社会网络结构,从而提高老年人的主观幸福感。

Objective To analyze the types of social network among older adults,and explore the association be-tween social network and subjective well-being.Methods The survey was conducted in Zhejiang Province,Sichuan Prov-ince,Jilin Province and Hunan Province by two-stage sampling method.Self-reported questionnaire was used to get informa-tion on demographic characteristics,subjective well-being,health status,social connection and more.The types of social network were classified by two-step clustering.The association between social network types and subjective well-being was an-alyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and Generalized Linear Model.Results The social network type of older adults in survey are-as was mainly family type(4647/12574,37.0%).The social network types of older adults varied depending on their age,gender,education degree,and monthly income.Older adults with different age,gender,education degree,monthly in-come,self-rated health,frailty level,mental health,depression level,degree of cognitive impairment,and social network types had different subjective well-being scores.Older adults with family social network type and multiple social network type had the highest subjective well-being,while older adults with staff social network type had the lowest,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The generalized linear model showed that,after controlling for factors such as age,gender,education degree,monthly income,self-rated health,frailty level,mental health,and depression,older a-dults with multivariate type(B=1.082,P=0.014)had higher subjective well-being compared to older adults with family type social networks,while older adults with staff type(B=-3.961,P<0.001)and children type(B=-1.141,P=O.005)had lower subjective well-being.Conclusion The social network of older adults in survey area is mainly composed of spouse and children.Our findings suggest it is important to optimize the social network structure of older adults by encoura-ging them to make more friends and communicate with their relatives,so as to improve their subjective well-being.