价值与优化:家庭暴力侵害未成年人案件强制报告制度实践研究

Value and Optimization:A Practice Research on Mandatory Reporting System for Domestic Violence Against Minors

家庭暴力侵害未成年人案件强制报告制度作为未成年人保护的先发式制度,在贯彻落实国家亲权理念、践行最有利于未成年人原则、为未成年人提供全面综合的司法保护和增强保护未成年人的社会意识与责任等方面都具有重要实践价值。但目前该制度在启动、报告、响应、制约与保障等具体实践方面还存在一系列问题,既无法真正彰显该制度的应然理论价值,也无法构建起其独特的中国式实践价值。应在中国式法治现代化这一现实进程中认识该制度的实践价值,既回应该制度的应然理论价值,也表达该制度的实然价值期待。应进一步推进强制报告制度的实践优化,增大启动机制覆盖面,细化报告机制,构建差别化响应机制,强化制约与保障机制,全面推动强制报告制度的中国式实践发展,筑牢防治未成年人权益风险的法治防线。

The mandatory reporting system for domestic violence against minors,as a pioneering system for the protection of minors,has important practical value in implementing the national concept of parental authority,implementing the principle of the most favorable to minors,providing comprehensive judicial protection for minors,and enhancing social awareness and responsibility for the protection of minors,etc.However,there are still practical problems in terms of initiation,reporting,response,constraints and safeguards,which can neither truly highlight the theoretical value of the system nor build up its unique Chinese-style practical value.The practical value of the system should be acknowledged in the real process of Chinese-style modernization of the rule of law,which not only responds to the theoretical value of the system,but also expresses the expected value of the system.To promote the optimization of the mandatory reporting system,it is necessary to strengthen the initiation mechanism's coverage,refine the reporting mechanism,build a differentiated response mechanism,and expand the restriction and guarantee mechanism,and comprehensively promote the development of the mandatory reporting system in China,so as to build up a firm defense of the rule of law in preventing and controlling the risks to the rights and interests of minors.