2022-2023年广东某大学感染性腹泻细菌病原谱及流行特征分析

Analysis of Bacterial Pathogen Spectrum and Epidemic Characteristics of Infectious Diarrhea in a University in Guangdong from 2022 to 2023

目的为临床制订有效的科学的治疗和预防措施,熟悉和了解广东某大学2022-2023年的感染性腹泻细菌病原谱和流行特征。方法收集2022年1月到2023年1月广东某大学门诊部收治的586份感染性腹泻病例患者的粪便样本,对304份样本进行伤沙门氏菌、志贺菌、肠致泻性大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、变形杆菌、副溶血性弧菌检测,对282份样本进行轮状病毒、诺如病毒检测,观察2022-2023年广东某大学感染性腹泻病原检测情况和病原谱构成及不同月份和年龄的检测情况。结果在采集的586例腹泻标本中检出病原体68例(11.60%),304例在进行肠道致病菌后检出18例(5.92%)肠道致病菌,282例在进行肠道病毒检测后检出50例(17.73%)肠道病毒,二者比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);感染性腹泻在6-8月经肠道致病菌为主,在10月-次年5月经肠道病毒为主且17-22岁年龄阶段容易高发感染性腹泻。结论2022-2023年广东某大学感染性腹泻主要是以诺如病毒为主,其次是副溶血性弧菌导致的细菌性腹泻,不同病原在不同季节和不同年龄阶段的分布存在差异,需针对性的采取预防措施。

Objective In order to develop effective and scientific treatment and prevention measures in clinical practice,familiarize and understand the bacterial pathogen spectrum and epidemic characteristics of infectious diarrhea at a university in Guangdong from 2022 to 2023.Methods From January 2022 to January 2023,586 stool samples of infectious diarrhea patients admitted to the outpatient department of a university in Guangdong were collected,304 samples were tested for Salmonella typhimurium,Shigella,enteric diarrhoeal Escherichia coli,Staphylococcus aureus,Proteus,and Vibrio parahaemolyticus,and 282 samples were tested for rotavirus and norovirus,Observe the pathogen detection and spectrum composition of infectious diarrhea at a university in Guangdong from 2022 to 2023,as well as the detection status in different months and ages..Results Among the 586 collected samples of diarrhea,68 cases(11.60%)were detected as pathogens,18 cases(5.92%)were detected as intestinal pathogens in 304 cases after intestinal pathogen testing,and 50 cases(17.73%)were detected as intestinal viruses in 282 cases after intestinal virus testing.The difference between the two was statistically significant(P<0.05);Infectious diarrhea is mainly caused by intestinal pathogenic bacteria during the 6-8 menstrual period,and is mainly caused by intestinal viruses during the 10-5 menstrual period in the following year.The age group of 17-22 years old is prone to a high incidence of infectious diarrhea.Conclusion From 2022 to 2023,infectious diarrhea in a university in Guangdong was mainly caused by norovirus,followed by bacterial diarrhea caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus.The distribution of different pathogens in different seasons and different age stages was different,so targeted preventive measures should be taken.