共同体何以可能?--希利斯·米勒的沟通共同体思想研究

How community is possible?:J.Hillis Miller's studies on the communities in fiction

希利斯·米勒对不同小说中的共同体的研究,都在试图回答一个问题:小说中的主要群体是否构成一个共同体?米勒以沟通为判断标准来回答这个问题:如果一个群体成员之间能够进行有效的沟通,这个群体就是一个共同体;反之,则不是。小说中一个群体的成员能否进行有效的沟通,则取决于小说关于沟通的预设。这与西方众多理论家关于共在是否此在的原初特征的预设相似。小说关于沟通的预设,与小说的文体特征和叙事手法的设计相一致。通过关注这些文本细节的“修辞性阅读”,可以理解小说呈现共同体的独特性,进而解释小说如何通过对(非)共同体的呈现,发挥改善世界的施为性功能。

J.Hillis Miller's studies on communities in fiction attempt to answer the question:Does the main group in fiction constitute a community?Miller takes communication as a criterion to answer this question:If the members of a group can communicate with each other effectively,then the group is a community;otherwise,it is not.Whether the members of a group in fiction can communicate effectively depends on the work's presupposition,which is similar to the presupposition of many Western theorists about whether Mitsein is the primordial nature of Dasein.The presupposition about communication in fiction is consistent with the design of stylistic features and narrative techniques in fiction.It is by"poetical reading"focusing on the stylistic and narrative details that we can understand the uniqueness of the representation of communities in fiction,and consequently explain how the representation of the(non-)communities plays the performative function of improving the world.