重庆涪陵坪上地区客家土楼形制特征浅析

A Preliminary Analysis of the Formal Characteristics of Hakka Earth Buildings in Pingshang Area,Fuling,Chongqing

重庆涪陵坪上地区是重庆最大的客家聚居区,地处复杂的山区环境,在晚清至民国多年社会动荡环境下,生成了数量众多的强防御性生土楼宇建筑,其中有相当部分保留至今,这一地区也成为今天重庆碉楼民居分布最密集的区域。该文对这一区域客家土楼的类型进行细分,并结合多个实例分析、总结其平面和立面等建筑学上的特征,以彰显其地域特色,这些特征揭示了当地自然条件和文化传统,而且显示了碉楼与民居形制上分野越来越小的趋势。

The Pingshang area of Fuling,Chongqing,is the largest Hakka settlement in the city,nestled within a complex mountainous environment.During the turbulent period from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China,numerous highly defensive raw earth buildings emerged in this region,with a considerable portion of them preserved to this day.This area has thus become the densest concentration of watchtowers and residential buildings in Chongqing today.This paper delves into the classification of Hakka earth buildings in this region and,through the analysis of multiple examples,summarizes their architectural characteristics in terms of plan and elevation,highlighting their regional distinctiveness.These characteristics not only elucidate the local natural conditions and cultural traditions,but also demonstrate a diminishing trend in the form and configuration distinction between the towers and traditional residences..