清代巡检与地方治理——以巴县木洞镇巡检为例

Provincial Police Office and Local Governance in the Qing Dynasty——A Case Study of the Provincial Police Office of Mudong Town in Ba County

巡检是清代地方治理的重要机构,被视为清代市镇或乡村中“国家在场”的象征,在其创设时多有“权力清单”式的国家授权。清代巡检多领有“分管地方”,并以场镇为行政统辖单位。作为州县的佐杂,巡检衙门经费来源多元,由地方绅粮掌控的公局经费为其重要来源。在场镇诸多地方公事中,巡检与地方绅粮群体既有合作与协商,又不乏博弈与竞争。

Provincial Police Office was an important institution for local governance in the Qing Dynasty,regarded as a symbol of the presence of the state in towns or villages.When it was established,it often had a“list of powers”style state authorization.During the Qing Dynasty,Provincial Police Office was under the jurisdiction of local authorities,with the town as the administrative unit.As a subsidiary of the state and county,the funding sources of the Provincial Police Office were diverse,with the public bureau funds controlled by local gentry as an important source.In many local affairs in the town,there was both cooperation and negotiation between the sub-district magistrate and local gentry groups,as well as game and competition.