霍尔“多元文化”的辩证张力及其当代启示

The Dialectical Tension of Hall's"Multiculturalism"and Its Contemporary Enlightenment

英国伯明翰学派不断探索文化主义与结构主义结合的全新可能性,在批判资本主义文化困境的同时指出了构筑多元文化群体的共同体路径。斯图亚特·霍尔从解放文化力量、探究抵抗可能、指出斗争路径等角度,以开放多元的辩证思维和强烈的“现实介入性”指出多元文化主体构建共同体的可能性。多元文化批判教条主义的经济决定论和阶级还原论,将文化从各种束缚中解放出来,使得文化因素充分涌动;文化斗争的理论可能性在于,在文化差异与政治平等的巨大张力之间形成文化抵抗空间,这使得文化得以幸存并与主导文化相协商;文化斗争的实践现实性在于新兴文化能够出现和迅速扩张,但其本身与政治不是必然结合的,残余文化能够再次被挪用和改造但又存在非理性产物遗留。以极富有辩证张力的多元文化斗争、抵抗及理论实践,探究主体形成的可能性与身份认同,汇聚起社会主义建设合力,可以为当代中国在构建共同体、推动社会主义文化建设方面提供深刻借鉴意义。

The Birmingham School in England explored the possibility of the joint of culturalism and structuralism,and pointed out the community path of building multi-cultural groups while criticizing the cultural dilemma of capitalism.By liberating cultural forces,exploring the possibility of resistance and pointing out the path of struggle,Stuart Hall pointed out the possibility of building a community of multicultural subjects with open and pluralistic dialectical thinking and strong"reality involvement"Multiculturalism critique the dogmatic economic determinism and class reductionism,emancipating culture from all kinds of shackles and making cultural factors flourish fully.The theoretical possibility of cultural struggle lies in the formation of cultural resistance space between the huge tension of cultural difference and political equality,so that certain culture can survive and negotiate with the dominant culture.The practical reality of cultural struggle lies in the fact that new culture can appear and expand rapidly,but it is not necessarily connected with politics,and residual culture can be appropriated and transformed again,but there are rrational products left over.With the dialectical tension of multicultural struggle,resistance and theoretical practice,it explores the possibility of the formation of the main body and identity,and gathers the joint force of socialist construction,which provides profound reference significance for contemporary China in the construction of community and socialist culture.