经营户视角下北京近郊乡村旅游经营可持续性——以怀柔区莲花池村为例

CHARACTERISTICS AND DIFFERENCES IN THE SUSTAINABILITY OF RURAL TOURISM OPERATIONS IN SUBURBAN BEIJING FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF OPERATORS:A CASE STUDY OF LIANHUACHI VILLAGE IN HUAIROU

大城市近郊的乡村旅游经营呈多主体参与、多业态融合特征,明确不同经营主体的发展短板、角色定位和可持续性差异,有助于确定政府帮扶对象和施力点,推动乡村振兴。本文以莲花池村为例,采用问卷调查、半结构式访谈获取数据,基于构建的分析框架剖析了乡村旅游经营群体的可持续性特征和差异。结果显示:①经营者可持续性表现出青年人高于老年人、外来人高于本地人,年龄和来源的显性差异,隐含着经营意愿和资本实力的内在区别。②经营业态与用工方式、运营方式具有对应性,民宿雇工生产、网络运营,农家乐自我雇佣、线下主导,前者经营方式可持续性普遍高于后者。③宅院的空间质量和更新能力,与旅游经营能否免于淘汰或实现晋级挂钩。宅院空间再生产过程体现出家空间与经营场所、礼制秩序与资本逻辑的博弈。④群体Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ的经营组合分别为“外来青年人-民宿-资本化生产宅院”、“本地中年人-农家乐-半资本化生产宅院”、“本地老年人-半经营农家乐-渐趋生活化宅院”,对应高、中、低的经营收益,形成了群体Ⅰ>群体Ⅱ>群体Ⅲ的总体可持续性差异。

The multi-participation and multi-format integration of rural tourism operations in metropolitan suburbs are becoming prominent.This study constructs a framework to analyze the characteristics and differences in sustainability of rural tourism operations among different groups.The results shows:1)For the operator sustainability,young people perform better than elderly while outsiders perform better than locals.The differences in age and origin imply inherent differences in entrepreneurial willingness and capital strength;2)There are correspondences among operating formats,employment methods and operation methods.B&B presents as production employment and online operations,while farmhouse resort is self-employed and offline-dominated.3)The spatial quality and renewal capability of homesteads are linked to whether tourism operations can avoid obsolescence or achieve upgrades.Spatial reproduction process reflects the struggle between home space and operating premises,as well as a zero-sum game of ritual order and capital logic;4)The operating GroupsⅠ,Ⅱ,andⅢrespectively corresponds to high,medium,and low operating income,forming an overall sustainability difference in rural tourism operations of GroupⅠ>GroupⅡ>GroupⅢ.