协调与偏好:山地城市公园聚集性空间青年人群视听感知

Coordination and Preference:Research on the Audio-Visual Perception of Young People of Gathering Space in Mountain City Parks

【目的】随着城市更新进入“品质提升”与“人本健康”阶段,基于视听感知评价的景观设计成为满足青年群体复杂需求的重要方法。山地城市公园中的聚集性空间承载着当地的人地关系,为满足青年群体的视听感知需求,探究其视景、声景偏好与空间要素,评价聚集性空间的视听感知协调度,以及视听感知与满意度相关性,对山地公园视景、声景营造与环境品质提升具有重要价值。【方法】以重庆市渝中区枇杷山公园和鹅岭公园的5类聚集性空间作为研究对象,通过视声景调研与空间实测,选取12个视觉感知指标与10个听觉感知指标,形成问卷评价量表,采用主成分分析、Spearman相关性分析和多元线性回归分析,探索青年群体的视听感知协调度,以及各视听感知维度对视景、声景满意度,各类聚集性空间环境满意度与公园整体环境满意度的影响。【结果】2个公园视景与声景总体协调,不同类型山地聚集性空间的视听感知评价结果具有较大差异,影响公园视景、声景,各类空间环境和公园整体环境满意度的指标各不相同。【结论】在揭示山地城市公园环境感知与满意度评价主要影响因素的基础上,提出综合环境品质的提升策略:营造兼顾视听偏好的山地聚集性空间、构建视景与声景协调的山地场所序列、基于环境满意度进行因地制宜的设计。以期为山地城市公园的视景、声景营造和环境品质提升提供参考。

[Objective]As urban renewal enters the stage of“quality improvement”and“human-centred health”,traditional park design strategies can no longer satisfy people's requirements for environmental quality improvement of parks,and guiding landscape design through audio-visual perception evaluation has become an important method to meet the complex needs of young people.Mountain city parks are rich in sensory information,and the gathering space is the place where the human-land relationship in mountain city parks is concretely presented.However,in mountain city parks,how residents perceive different types of gathering spaces,the preference of residents for visual and acoustic spatial elements,and the correlation between the evaluation of audio-visual perception and the satisfaction with various types of gathering spaces need to be further studied.This research aims to,in combination with the audio-visual preference and audio-visual coordination of young people in gathering spaces of mountain city parks,the evaluation of the correlation between audio-visual perception and satisfaction(including the satisfaction with visual and acoustic landscape,satisfaction with the environment of gathering spaces,and overall satisfaction with park environment),and the integration between the preference of young people for visual and acoustic landscape and relevant spatial elements,guide the implementation of the strategy for comprehensive improvement of environmental quality,and explore how the complex relationship between acoustic landscape,visual landscape and environmental satisfaction can be addressed in mountain city parks.[Methods]Taking 5 types of gathering spaces in Pipa Mountain Park and Eling Park in Yuzhong District,Chongqing as the research object,this research,through combining audio-visual walk survey with spatial measurement,selects22 audio-visual perception indicators,and establishes a questionnaire evaluation scale.Based on the investigation of the environmental characteristics and the semi-structural interviews of residents,the research selects and integrates the perception indicators widely applicable to landscape assessment and design to form 12 visual perception indicators adapted to mountain parks,among which naturalness,openness,diversity and accessibility are the four indicators with the most characteristic dimensions of mountain landscape.The selection of auditory perception indicators follows the standard dimensions,and the selected indicators are combined with the most mountainous dimensions(diversity and naturalness)to form 10 dimensions of auditory perception.The research presents data analysis and results through multi-level and multidimensional technical path.On the basis of reliability and validity test,frequency count analysis is used to explore audio-visual preference and audio-visual interaction.Principal component analysis,Spearman correlation analysis and multiple linear regression methods are used to explore the influence of each dimension on the audio-visual satisfaction,satisfaction with environment of gathering spaces,and overall satisfaction with park environment.[Results]The evaluation statistics and audio-visual coordination analysis show that the audio-visual perception evaluation of different types of gathering spaces has its own characteristics,and the visual landscape and acoustic landscape of the two parks are general coordinated.The analysis of the correlation between audio-visual perception and the satisfaction with the environment of gathering spaces shows that the indicators affecting the satisfaction with various types of spatial environments are different.The most distinctive space in mountain parks involves 4 relevant perception dimensions.Specifically,important nodes and path platforms are significantly correlated with the accessibility dimension;important nodes and path platforms are significantly correlated with the naturalness and diversity dimensions in both parks;path platforms,boundaries and important nodes are all significantly correlated with the openness dimension.The analysis of the correlation between the overall audio-visual perception and the overall environmental satisfaction shows that the naturalness dimension has a certain influence on the overall environmental satisfaction and the satisfaction with visual and acoustic landscape.[Conclusion]On the basis of revealing the main influencing factors of environmental perception and satisfaction evaluation of mountain city parks,this research refines the focus of audio-visual environment creation in mountain city parks.Combined with the characteristics of mountainous terrain,the research proposes the optimization strategies for youth-friendly spatial elements.Moreover,the research proposes relevant strategies for construction of youthfriendly order in mountain spaces,with a view to creating an organized and logical mountain space order by incorporating multi-dimensional spatial characteristics,enhancing spatial guidance,and improving the memorability of the environment.The research also proposes local adaptation strategies,emphasizing that the advantages of mountain space should be reasonably utilized to create satisfactory audio-visual landscape,and the needs of young people should be taken into account and the acoustic and visual environment elements be optimized to evoke residents'memory of local cultural lineage.These strategies can provide theoretical basis and practical ideas for construction of acoustic and visual landscape and comprehensive improvement of environmental quality of mountain city parks.