不同榕树对榕透翅毒蛾幼虫体内3类酶活性的影响

Effects of Host Plants on Activities of Three Groups of Enzymes in Perina nuda Larvae

为明确榕透翅毒蛾(Perina nuda)对榕树选择适应机制,选取黄金榕(Ficus microcarpa)、高山榕(F.altissima)、垂叶榕(F.benjamina)、小叶榕(F.concinna)4种榕属植物为试验材料,饲养榕透翅毒蛾至5龄后测定取食不同榕树的榕透翅毒蛾幼虫消化酶(α-淀粉酶、胰蛋白酶、脂肪酶)、保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)、解毒酶(细胞色素b5、CarE、GST)活性,以及榕树叶片内的营养物质(可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖)和次生代谢物质(类黄酮、总酚、单宁)含量,从而分析榕透翅毒蛾幼虫体内酶活性变化与4种榕树次生代谢物和营养物质含量的相关性。结果表明,取食4种榕树对榕透翅毒蛾幼虫α-淀粉酶和胰蛋白酶活性影响差异显著(P<0.05),但脂肪酶活性差异不显著(P>0.05),取食小叶榕和垂叶榕胰蛋白酶活性显著高于高山榕和黄金榕,取食垂叶榕的榕透翅毒蛾幼虫胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性最高。4种榕树叶片对榕透翅毒蛾幼虫体内保护酶活性影响显著差异(P<0.05),取食小叶榕的幼虫体内SOD和POD活性最高,而取食垂叶榕的CAT活性最高。取食4种榕树的榕透翅毒蛾幼虫体内CarE活性表现存在显著差异(P<0.05),取食黄金榕的CarE活性最高,取食小叶榕和垂叶榕的细胞色素b5活性显著高于高山榕和黄金榕。4种榕树叶片中次生代谢物类黄酮、总酚含量表现为高山榕>黄金榕>小叶榕>垂叶榕,高山榕叶片的总酚含量显著高于其他3种榕树植物(P<0.05),4种榕树叶片中的可溶性蛋白含量表现为垂叶榕>小叶榕>黄金榕>高山榕,高山榕的溶性糖和可溶性蛋白含量均为最低。说明榕透翅毒蛾能够通过调节自身酶活性,代谢寄主榕树体内营养物质和次生物质,满足自身生长发育的营养需求。

In order to clarify the selective adaptation mechanism of Perina nuda to banyan species,four species of Ficus plants,including F.microcarpa,F.altissima,F.benjamina,and F.curtipes,were selected as materials.Larvae of P.nuda were reared and fed with the leaves of these plants until the 5th instar.The activities of digestive enzymes(α-amylase,trypsin,and lipase),protective enzymes(SOD,POD,and CAT),and detoxifying enzymes(cytochrome b5,CarE,and GST)in the larvae of P.nuda were measured and calculated.The contents of nutrients(soluble protein and soluble sugar)and secondary metabolites(flavonoids,total phenols,and tannins)in the leaves were also determined.The correlation between the changes in enzyme activities in the larvae of P.nuda and the contents of secondary metabolites and nutrients in the four host plants was analyzed.The results showed that feeding on the four species of Ficus plants had significant effects on the activities ofα-amylase and trypsin in the larvae of P.nuda(P<0.05),but not on lipase activity (P >0.05).The trypsin activity in the larvae of P .nuda fed on F.benjamina and F.curtipeswas significantly higher than that fed on F.altissima and F.microcarpa.The highest trypsin and lipaseactivities in the larvae of P .nuda were observed in those fed on F.benjamina.The activities of protectiveenzymes in the larvae of P .nuda were significantly affected by the leaves of the four host plants(P <0.05).The highest SOD and POD activities were observed in the larvae of P .nuda fed on F.microcarpa,while the highest CAT activity was observed in those fed on F.curtipes.The activity of CarE in thelarvae of P .nuda fed on the four hosts showed significant differences (P <0.05),with the highest activityobserved in those fed on F.benjamina,and the cytochrome b5 activity was significantly higher in the larvaeof P .nuda fed on F.benjamina,and F.curtipes compared to those fed on F.altissima and F.microcarpa.The contents of flavonoids and total phenols in the leaves of four host plants ranked in the order ofF.altissima>F.microcarpa>F.benjamina>F.curtipes,and the total phenol content in F.altissimawas significantly higher than that in the other three host plants.The soluble protein content in the leaves offour host plants ranked in the order of F.curtipes>F.benjamina>F.microcarpa>F.altissima,and thesoluble sugar and soluble protein contents in F.altissima were the lowest.P .nuda can adjust its enzymeactivities and metabolize the nutrients and secondary metabolites in the host plants to meet its own growthand developmental needs to the maximum extent.