澜沧县不同海拔梯度云南栘[木衣]花、果物候观测及表型变异分析

Observation of Flower and Fruit Phenology of Docynia delavayi at Different Altitudinal Gradients in Lancang County and Analysis of Phenotypic Variation

为探讨云南省澜沧县糯扎渡镇海拔高度对云南栘[木衣]物候期的影响及其花、果表型变异水平,以糯扎渡镇10个海拔(1 500~2 000 m)的100个云南栘[木衣]个体为研究对象,观测其开花和结实的物候,对花、果共11个表型性状进行变异分析。结果表明,1)云南栘[木衣]花期长30~34 d;果期长188~198 d。不同海拔梯度之间始花期最大相差为4 d,落花期最大相差为6 d,始果期最大相差11 d,落果期最大相差9 d。随着海拔上升,云南栘[木衣]花、果物候期均逐渐推迟。2)花表型性状存在一定变异,果实表型性状相对稳定。花的各表型性状在不同海拔的变异系数在13.54%~24.15%,平均变异系数为17.79%。果实性状中,果实纵径(FLD)、果实横径(FTD)和单果重(FD)的变异系数分别为7.93%、5.97%和6.15%,平均变异系数为7.21%,变异系数相对较低。在1 801~1 850 m时,云南栘[木衣]种群花、果表型性状平均变异系数均最大。随着海拔上升,OW(子房宽)、CL(子房长)、CW(花萼宽)、PL(花瓣长)和PW(花瓣宽)呈现出逐渐减小的趋势。3)相关性分析表明,除子房宽(OW)与海拔呈显著负相关,其余性状与海拔均无显著相关。除花药长(AL)、子房宽(OW)、花萼长(CL)、花瓣长(PL)及果实纵径(FLD)与其他性状间没有显著相关关外,其他性状间均存在显著或极显著相关。4)聚类分析表明,10个海拔种群可以聚为明显的3支,分别为低海拔区、中海拔区以及高海拔区。研究结果可以为云南栘[木衣]良种选育提供理论依据。

To investigate the effects of different altitudes on the phenological phases of Docynia delavayi and their flower and fruit phenotypic variation levels in Nuozadu Township,Lancang County,Yunnan Province,100 individuals from 10 altitude gradients(1500-2000 m)in Nuozadu Township were used as the study objects to observe their flowering and fruiting phenology,and a total of 11 phenotypic traits of flowers and fruits were analysed for variation.The results showed that 1)the flowering period of D.delavayi was 30-34 days;the fruiting period was 188-198 days.The maximum difference among different altitude gradients was 4 days at the first flowering period,6 days at the falling period,11 days at the first fruiting period and 9 days at the fruit drop period.With the increase of altitude,the phenological periods of flowering and fruiting of D.delavayi gradually delayed.2)There were some variations in flower phenotypic traits,and fruit phenotypic traits were relatively stable.The coefficients of variation for each phenotypic trait of flowers at different altitudes ranged from 13.54%to 24.15%,with an average coefficient of variation of 17.79%.Among the fruit traits,the coefficients of variation for fruit longitudinal diameter,fruit transverse diameter and single fruit weight were 7.93%,5.97%and 6.15%,respectively,with an average coefficient of variation of 7.21%.The coefficient of variation was relatively low.The mean values of the coefficient of variation for both flower and fruit phenotypic traits were the greatest at the altitude 1801 to 1850 m.With the increase of altitude,OW(ovary width),OL(ovary length),CW(calyx width),PL(petal length)and PW(petal width)showed gradually decreasing trend.3)Correlation analysis showed that all traits were not significantly correlated with altitude,except for OW,which was significantly and negatively correlated with altitude.There were significant or highly significant correlations between all traits except anther length,OW,calyx length,petal length and fruit longitudinal diameter,which were not significantly correlated with other traits.4)Cluster analysis showed that the 10 altitude populations could be clustered into three distinct branches,which were low altitude area,middle altitude area and high altitude area.This study can provide a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of good species of Docynia delavayi.