智能技术赋能教学的伦理挑战:表征、溯因与纾解

The Ethical Challenges of Smart Technology:Representation,Abduction,and Alleviation

近年来,智能技术快速发展给教育带来难得发展机遇,也带来前所未有的挑战,尤其是中小学教育教学活动在智能技术的冲击下面临着诸多伦理挑战。本研究通过分析智能技术的主要特点以及中小学教师、学生发展的特殊性发现,智能技术融入教学的伦理挑战主要表现在数据安全与歧视风险,学生身心、认知和思维发展受阻,师生交互的关系异化,师生发展机会不公等方面。从技术哲学视角看,这些伦理挑战是社会物质与精神生产的矛盾运动,以及技术扩散现象的必然结果。从实践视角看,这些伦理挑战难以破解的原因包括:算法的固有缺陷与人为偏误、相关制度规范不健全、相关法律法规不完备等。为破解伦理困境,未来我国需坚持以人为本的基本底线,将伦理原则嵌入算法设计,完善技术准入和伦理边界的制度规范,建立智能教学产品研发与应用的法律法规,实施技术自我监督和教学应用监管,提升师生智能时代的关键素养。

Recently,the ethical challenges of integrating smart technology into education have garnered significant attention from the academic communities.The analysis of the research and development of smart technology and the characteristics of teachers and students in primary and secondary schools reveals that the ethical challenges in integrating smart technology into teaching are manifested in issues such as data security and the risk of discrimination,hindrance to students'physical,cognitive,and mental development,alienation in teacher-student interactions,and unequal opportunities for teacher and student.Philosophically,these ethical challenges are the inevitable outcomes of the contradiction between social material and spiritual production,as well as the outcomes of technology diffusion.From a practical perspective,the difficulties in addressing these ethical challenges include inherent flaws and human biases in algorithms,inadequate institutional norms,and incomplete relevant laws and regulations.To resolve these ethical dilemmas,this paper proposes that future efforts should adhere to the fundamental principle of people-centeredness and ethical principles in algorithm design,improve institutional norms,establish laws and regulations for the research,development,and application of smart technology and its teaching products,implement self-regulation of technology,promote the supervision of teaching applications,and enhance the key competencies of teachers and students in the era of smart technology.