基于定性比较分析的旅游地环境冲突影响因素——以五台山景区为例

Influencing factors of environment conflict in tourism destinations based on qualitative comparative analysis:A case study of Mount Wutai Scenic Spot

环境冲突是旅游地主客冲突的主要内容之一,探寻环境冲突的影响因素对于旅游地空间规划和冲突化解有重要理论与现实意义。该文以五台山景区为例,通过扎根理论与定性比较分析相结合的混合研究方法探究了环境冲突在居民与游客2个群体中的主观呈现,并进一步分析了引发感知环境冲突的多重路径。主要得到以下结论:(1)居民与游客感知旅游地环境冲突类型具有同一性与异质性,景区管理混乱是2个群体冲突感知同一性的具体表达,异质性则体现在居民更多关注游客不当行为,而游客则更重视旅游地环境功能单一;(2)以节假、秩序与设施为代表的核心冲突条件表明,主观空间占有与体验权的错位是引致2个群体感知环境冲突产生的关键要素;(3)规范失效是导致文化旅游地环境冲突的特殊因素,在居民和游客群体中均有表现。

Environmental conflict is one of the main elements of resident-tourist conflict in tourism destinations,and exploring the influencing factors of environmental conflict is of great theoretical and practical significance for spatial planning and conflict resolution in tourism destinations.Taking Mount Wutai Scenic Spot as an example,this paper compares the subjective dimension of environmental conflict in the two groups of residents and tourists through a combination of grounded theory and qualitative comparative analysis,and analyzes the multiple paths that lead to multiple perceptions of the environmental conflict.The main conclusions are as follows:①Residents and tourists perceive environmental conflicts in tourist destinations with both commonalities and differences.The commonality is expressed through the disordered management of scenic spots.The difference lies in residents focusing on tourists’inappropriate behavior,while tourists are concerned about the limited functions of the tourist environment.②The core conflict conditions represented by holidays,order and facilities show that the dislocation of subjective space possession and experience rights is the core element leading to the perceived environment conflict between the two groups.③Anomie of norm is a special factor that leads to the environmental conflict in cultural tourism destinations,and this is evident among both residents and tourists.