核桃机械化收获装置研究现状与展望

Research status and prospect of mechanized harvesting device for walnut

核桃是我国重要的经济作物,其收获具有采收时间短、收获环境复杂等特点。随着近年来我国核桃产量的快速增长,现有的收获技术制约着核桃产业的发展,核桃机械化收获存在的问题逐渐凸显,核桃机械化收获体系亟需完善。国内外现有的核桃机械收获装置可分为分段式与采收一体式,通过总结核桃机械化收获装置的结构、特点以及工作原理,指明现阶段核桃机械化收获装置存在自动化水平不足、装置集成化程度低、地形适应能力不足、作业效果差等问题,并对核桃机械化收获装置未来的发展提出建议,为核桃机械化收获装置的改进与创新提供方向与思路。未来核桃收获机械的发展应全面面向自动化、智能化、集成化、拥有更强的适应性与可靠性,以满足不断发展的核桃产业的需求。

Walnut is an important cash crop in China,its harvest is characterized by short harvesting time and complex harvest environment.With the rapid growth of walnut output in China in recent years,the existing harvest technology has gradually begun to limit the development of walnut industry,the problems of mechanized walnut harvest are gradually highlighted,and it is the general trend to improve the mechanized walnut harvest system.The existing mechanical harvesting devices of walnut at home and abroad can be divided into segmented and integrated harvesting devices.By summarizing the structure,characteristics and working principle of the mechanized harvesting device of walnut,it is pointed out that there are some problems in the mechanized harvesting device of walnut at this stage,such as insufficient automation level,low integration degree of the device,insufficient terrain adaptability and poor operation effect.Some suggestions are put forward for the future development of the mechanized harvesting device of walnut,and the direction and ideas are provided for the improvement and innovation of the mechanized harvesting device of walnut.In the future,the development of walnut harvesting machinery will be oriented to automation,intelligence,integration,with stronger adaptability and reliability,to meet the needs of the constantly developing walnut industry.