农业机械底盘智能化发展现状与展望

Development status and prospect of intelligent chassis of agricultural machinery

农机底盘技术是智能农机装备的关键技术,也是影响农业农村现代化的关键技术。欧美农场化、集约化的种植场景和雄厚的工业基础的先天优势使美西方在智能农机领域领先于我国,我国农机底盘的适应性差、智能化程度不足、舒适性差以及安全系数低。为此,从智能驱动、高适应性行走和自主作业三个方面对未来农业机械底盘智能化发展的方向进行思考和展望。着重归纳液压提升、动力换挡、无级变速、可变轮距、线控转向以及无人驾驶等新技术在农业机械底盘上应用的进展,并结合我国实际应用情况阐述农机底盘各系统相关技术的基本原理与特点,最后根据国内外农机底盘的研究进展和国内外的差距,从强化电液压技术与E-CVT的研发与升级、推动多向行走与线控转向技术的落地、实现智能化控制与无人作业等方面为未来智能农机底盘研究设计以及农业农村现代化发展提供参考。

The chassis technology of agricultural machinery is the key technology of intelligent agricultural machinery and equipment,and also the key technology that affects agricultural and rural modernization.The inherent advantages of European and American farm based and intensive planting scenarios,as well as strong industrial foundations,make Europe and America ahead of China in the field of intelligent agricultural machinery,the adaptability of agricultural machinery chassis in our country is poor,the degree of intelligence is insufficient,the comfort is poor,and the safety factor is low.In response to the above issues,combined with the actual situation and characteristics of China′s agricultural machinery development,this paper will think and look forward to the direction of intelligent development of agricultural machinery chassis in the future from three aspects of intelligent drive,high adaptability walking and independent operation.This paper focuses on summarizing the progress of new technologies such as hydraulic lifting,power shifting,continuously variable transmission,variable wheelbase,wire controlled steering,and unmanned driving applied to agricultural machinery chassis.Combining with the actual application situation in China,the basic principles and characteristics of various systems related to agricultural machinery chassis are elaborated.Finally,based on the research progress of agricultural machinery chassis at home and abroad and the gap between domestic and foreign countries,reference is provided for future research and design of intelligent agricultural machinery chassis and modernization of agriculture and rural areas from strengthening the research and upgrading of electro⁃hydraulic technology and E-CVT,promoting the landing of multi⁃directional walking and wire controlled steering technology,and realizing intelligent control and unmanned operation.