面向大规模农田的农机跨区作业紧急调配研究

Research on emergency allocation of agricultural machinery for cross⁃regions operation in large⁃scale farmland

针对大规模农田的粮食抢收工作,由于抢收约束时间的限制,导致可能无法在规定时间内完成所有粮食的收割任务,此时则会出现粮食损失值。构建以粮食损失值最小化为目标的农机跨区紧急调配模型,提出基于两阶段的农机紧急调配算法(Agricultural Machinery Emergency Algorithm based on Two Stages,TSEA)。首先按照基于距离的分区策略对大规模农田进行分区,接着采用改进的遗传算法分别对各农田分区进行农机紧急作业调配。为验证算法的有效性,主要从紧急任务的粮食损失值、算法运行时间等方面将TSEA算法与GA、SA算法进行比较,试验结果表明,TSEA算法得到的紧急调度方案优于其他两种算法。为验证本文分区策略的有效性,分别采用TSEA算法和不分区的紧急调配算法从粮食损失值、算法运行时间等方面进行比较,验证分区策略的有效性。多组试验结果表明该文提出的策略和算法对于解决大规模农田的农机跨区紧急调配问题更有效,可为农机管理部门提供解决方案。

In the busy farming season,the most urgent work is to rush to harvest grain.Due to the lack of scientific and reasonable emergency operation scheduling plan of agricultural machinery,the agricultural machinery management department cannot guide the agricultural machinery to complete the emergency operation task of large⁃scale farmland.For the grain rush harvest of large⁃scale farmland,due to the restriction of the rush harvest constraint time,it may not be able to complete all the grain harvest tasks within the specified time,and then the grain loss value will appear.In this paper,a trans⁃regional emergency allocation model of agricultural machinery with the goal of minimizing the grain loss value is constructed,and an agricultural machinery emergency allocation algorithm based on two stages(TSEA)is proposed.Firstly,the large⁃scale farmland is divided according to the distance⁃based division strategy,and then the improved genetic algorithm is used to carry out the emergency operation allocation of agricultural machinery for each farmland division.In order to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm in this paper,the TSEA algorithm is compared with GA and SA algorithms in terms of the grain loss value of the emergency task and the running time of the algorithm.The experimental results show that the emergency scheduling scheme obtained by the TSEA algorithm is superior to the other two algorithms.In order to verify the effectiveness of the zoning strategy in this paper,the TSEA algorithm and the non⁃zoning emergency allocation algorithm are used to compare the grain loss value,algorithm running time and other aspects to verify the effectiveness of the zoning strategy.The results of multiple groups of experiments show that the strategies and algorithms proposed in this paper are more effective for solving the problem of emergency allocation of agricultural machinery across⁃regions in large⁃scale farmland,and can provide solutions for agricultural machinery management departments.