耕层残膜回收机研究现状及发展趋势

Research status and development trend of tillage layer residual film recycling machine

随着地膜在农业生产中的广泛应用,带来经济收益的同时也带来农田残膜污染。机械化回收是治理残膜污染的重要环节,其中耕层残膜的机械化回收是重难点,而高效稳定的耕层残膜回收机缺乏,不仅阻碍残膜污染治理的进程,一定程度上更制约农业的绿色可持续发展。为此,综述分析地膜残留的危害及耕层残膜污染的现状,对目前国内的耕层残膜回收机进行对比分析,重点列举我国耕层残膜回收机的结构原理及特点,指出目前我国膜土分离机理研究缺乏;回收机具的工作深度不够,需耕翻后来年再回收;自动化智能化程度低;复业式耕层残膜回收机少等问题。并结合我国国情提出研发主动捡膜机构,提高捡膜部件的智能化和精准度;配合污染监测装置,研究农田残膜污染的等级划分;研发耕层残膜回收及耕整地联合作业机,降低治理成本等建议,为治理农田残膜污染及耕层残膜回收机的发展提供参考。

The extensive mulch application in agricultural production simultaneously brings economic benefits and farmland pollution.Mechanized recovery is a necessary part of the treatment of residual film pollution,and the mechanized recovery of residual film in the tillage layer is a heavy difficult point.The lack of efficient and stable tillage layer residual film recycling machines in China not only hinders the process of residual film pollution control,but also restricts the green and sustainable development of agriculture to a certain extent.For this,the harm of film residue and current situation of tillage residual film pollution are summarized and analyzed,the current domestic tillage layer residual film recovery machines are compared and analyzed,and the structural principle and characteristics of residual tillage film recycling machines in China are highlighted,and some problems are pointed out,including the lack of research on film⁃soil separation mechanism in China,the insufficient working depth of recycling machines,which need to be tilled and recycled next year,the low degree of automation and intelligence and the less of compound tillage layer residual film recycling machine.Combined with China′s national conditions,some development suggestions are put forward,such as developing an active film picking mechanism to improve the intelligence and accuracy of the film⁃picking component,combining with pollution monitor device to study the classification of residual film pollution in farmland,developing the combined operation machine of tillage layer residual film recovery and tillage and land preparation to reduce the cost of treatment,so as to provide reference for the treatment of farmland residual film pollution and the development of tillage layer residual film recycling machine.