2017-2022年河南省开封市人间布鲁氏菌病流行病学特征

Epidemiological analysis of human brucellosis in Kaifeng,Henan,2017-2022

目的分析2017—2022年河南省开封市人间布鲁氏菌病(布病)的流行特征,为布病的有效防控提供科学依据。方法收集中国疾病预防控制信息系统“监测报告管理”中2017—2022年开封市布病个案信息及个案调查表,应用描述性流行病学方法对数据进行分析。结果2017—2022年开封市共报告布病546例,年均发病率为2.30/10万(0.85/10万~4.18/10万),发病率呈逐年升高趋势(χ^(2)趋势=163.63,P<0.05);在4—7月份(春夏季)形成发病高峰,报告病例数占46.34%;年均发病率男性(3.31/10万)高于女性(1.26/10万),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=108.87,P<0.05);发病人群主要为50~<70岁人群(53.48%);85.71%的病例为农民;主要通过饲养牛羊感染(127例,84.67%);发病-确诊时间间隔中位数为12 d,93.58%的病例在发病90 d以内被确诊。结论2017—2022年开封市布病疫情呈逐年上升趋势,以50~<70岁男性农民在饲养牛羊过程中感染为主。建议继续做好人间布病疫情监测,深入开展健康宣传教育,提高医务人员诊断水平,共同控制布病传播蔓延。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of human brucellosis in Kaifeng,Henan province,from 2017 to2022,and to provide scientific evidence for the effectively prevention and control of the disease.Methods Data on brucellosis cases from 2017 to 2022 were collected through the"Surveillance Report Management"of China Disease Prevention and Control Information System.Descriptive epidemiological methods were employed for data analysis.Results A total of 546 brucellosis cases were reported,with an average annual incidence rate ranging from 0.85/105to 4.18/105.and an overall average of 2.30/105.The incidence rate showed an increasing trend over the years(χ^(2)_(trend)=163.63,P<0.05).The highest incidence was observed from April to July,comprising 46.34%of all cases.The average annual incidence was significantly higher in males(3.31/105)than in females(1.26/105)(χ^(2)=108.87,P<0.05).The majority of cases(53.48%)were among individuals aged 50 to<70 years;and 85.71%were farmers.The primary mode of transimission was through contact with cattle and sheep(127,84.67%).The median time interval between onset to diagnosis was 12 days,with 93.58%of cases diagnosed within 90 days of onset.Conclusions The incidence of brucellosis in Kaifeng has showed an increasing trend annually.The disease predominantly affects male farmers aged 50 to<70 years who are engaged in cattle and sheep farming.Continued surveillance,enhanced health education,improved diagnostic capabilities among medical professionals,and collaborative efforts are recommended to control the spread of brucellosis.