2018-2022年河南省洛阳市中小学校教学环境卫生监测结果

Results of teaching environment hygiene monitoring in primary and secondary schools of Luoyang city,Henan province,2018-2022

目的了解洛阳市中小学教学环境的卫生状况,为指导教学环境提升改造提供科学依据。方法2018—2022年每年抽取10%以上城市区、县及县以下,公办、民办等各级各类中小学校有代表性的1间教室,对其进行教室主采光方向、黑板面照度、课桌面照度、灯管排列方向、人均面积、课桌椅符合率等10项指标的监测。对不同地区、学段、办学性质学校监测结果进行统计分析。结果共监测930所学校,10项指标合格率分别为灯桌距离96.02%、主采光方向94.52%、黑板灯管设置86.88%、黑板面照度均匀度85.48%、灯管排列方向84.95%、课桌面照度75.38%、课桌面照度均匀度70.32%、人均面积37.20%、黑板面照度36.67%、课桌椅符合率18.28%。其中,课桌面照度、黑板面照度、课桌椅符合率不同年份差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=10.522、66.233、17.503,P<0.05)。7项指标合格率县及县以下学校高于城市区(P<0.05),分别为课桌面照度(87.56%比77.12%)、课桌面照度均匀度(72.50%比66.14%)、灯桌距离(97.55%比93.10%)、黑板面照度(48.45%比38.24%)、黑板面照度均匀度(86.09%比72.41%)、黑板灯管达标(89.53%比84.95%)、人均面积(40.59%比30.72%)等。小学课桌面照度均匀度合格率80.59%高于中学的71.10%(χ^(2)=11.121,P<0.05)。公办学校主采光方向(98.50%比91.33%)、课桌面照度均匀度(89.37%比81.12%)、灯管排列方向(86.51%比75.00%)、黑板灯管达标(89.24%比73.47%)4项指标合格率高于民办学校(P<0.05)。结论洛阳市中小学校教学环境整体情况较好,但课桌椅符合率、黑板面照度、人均面积合格率偏低,应当引起各级政府、教育部门的高度重视,加强学校卫生监管力度,加大资金投入。

Objective To understand the hygienic status of teaching environment in primary and secondary schools of Luoyang city,and provide a scientific basis for guiding the upgrading and transformation of teaching environment.Methods One representative classroom was selected for the monitoring per primary and secondary school,which was selected from public and private primary and secondary schools of all levels and types in urban districts,counties and areas below the county level according to the proportion of over 10%each year from 2018 to 2022,and the monitoring included ten indicators such as main lighting direction,blackboard surface illuminance,desktop illuminance,arrangement direction of lamp tubes,area per capita,the compliance rate of desks and chairs and so on.The monitoring results were statistically analyzed by different regions,school segments,and school types.Results The qualification rates for the ten indicators in 930 schools of Luoyang city:96.02%for distance between lamp and desk,94.52%for main lighting direction,86.88%for blackboard lamp tube setting,85.48%for uniformity of blackboard surface illumination,84.95%for arrangement direction of lamp tubes,75.38%for desktop illuminance,70.32%for uniformity of desktop illuminance,37.20%for area per capita,36.67%for blackboard surface illuminance,and18.28%for the compliance rate of desks and chairs.The differences in the qualification rates for desktop illumination,blackboard surface illumination and compliance rate of desks and chairs across different years were all statistically significant(χ^(2)=10.522,66.233,17.503,P<0.05).The qualification rates for the seven indicators,including desktop illuminance,uniformity of desktop illuminance,distance between lamp and desk,blackboard surface illuminance,uniformity of blackboard surface illuminance,blackboard lamp tube setting and area per capita were higher in the schools in the counties and areas below the county level than those in urban districts,which were 87.56%vs 77.12%,72.50%vs 66.14%,97.55%vs 93.10%,48.45%vs38.24%,86.09%vs 72.41%,89.53%vs 84.95%,40.59%vs 30.72%,and the differences are statistically significant(P<0.05).The qualification rate for uniformity of desktop illuminance in primary schools was higher than that in secondary schools(80.59%vs 71.10%),and the differences were all statistically significant(χ^(2)=11.121,P<0.05).The qualification rate for the four indicators,including main lighting direction,uniformity of desktop illuminance,arrangement direction of lamp tubes,and blackboard lamp tube setting were higher in public schools than those in private schools,which were 98.50%vs 91.33%,89.37%vs 81.12%,86.51%vs 75.00%and 89.24%vs 73.47%,respectively,and the differences were all statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusions The overall situation of teaching environment in primary and secondary schools in Luoyang city is relatively good,but the qualification rates for compliance of desks and chairs,blackboard surface illumination,and area per capita are on low,which should be highly emphasized by all levels of government and education departments.It is recommended to strengthen the supervision of school health,increase financial investment,and improve the compliance rate of desks and chairs and other teaching facilities as soon as possible s to create a good learning and living environment for all students.