不同类型热泉环境条件对微生物群落分布的影响

Effect of environmental conditions in different types of hot springs on the distribution of microbial communities

热泉环境的水化学条件与其他类型的水环境相比常差异显著,不同类型热泉的水化学条件也往往截然不同。开展不同热泉环境中微生物群落的分布规律及其影响因素的对比研究,有利于获取对热泉环境变化影响下微生物群落演替规律的系统认识,拓展极端环境微生物的研究体系。在云南典型岩浆热源型地热区(腾冲热海)和非岩浆热源型地热区(龙陵)采集了16个热泉沉积物样品,采用高通量测序技术和统计学方法研究了微生物群落的多样性和环境影响因素,并讨论了随机性因素和确定性因素对群落组成的影响以及物种间的相互作用关系。研究结果表明:热海和龙陵热泉的微生物主要由Crenarchaeota、Thermotogota、Aquificota、Acetothermia等门类组成,两地的微生物群落结构和多样性存在差异,这些差异主要由温度、pH值以及特征水化学组分决定;Li、Rb、Cs、B、As、Sb、Al、W、Sr等特征组分含量的差异是导致热海和龙陵热泉沉积物微生物出现物种差异的关键因素;热泉沉积物微生物群落变化则同时受到随机性因素的影响,物种间出现明显的生态位划分,且以正相互作用为主。上述研究结果揭示了岩浆流体输入导致的地热水化学条件对热泉微生物群落分布规律有极大的影响。

The hydrochemical conditions of hot spring environments often differ significantly from those of other types of water environments,and the hydrochemical conditions of different types of hot springs are often very different.Comparative studies on the distribution patterns of microbial communities and their influencing factors in different hot spring environments are conducive to obtaining a systematic understanding of the microbial community succession patterns under the influence of changes in hot spring environments,and to expanding the content of microbiological research in extreme environments.Sixteen hot spring sediments were collected from typical magmatic heat source geothermal areas(Tengchong Rehai)and non-magmatic heat source geothermal areas(Longling)in Yunnan,and the diversity of microbial communities and environmental influences were investigated using high-throughput sequencing technology and statistical methods,and the influences of stochastic and deterministic factors on the composition of the communities as well as the interactions among species were discussed.The research findings indicate that the microbial communities of Rehai and Longling hot springs are primarily composed of phyla such as Crenarchaeota,Thermotogota,Aquificota,and Acetothermia.There are differences in the structure and diversity of the microbial communities between the two locations,which are mainly determined by temperature,pH,and characteristic water chemical components.The differences in the content of characteristic components such as Li,Rb,Cs,B,As,Sb,Al,W,and Sr are key factors leading to the species differences in the sedimentary microbes of Rehai and Longling hot springs.The changes in the microbial communities of the hot spring sediments are simultaneously influenced by stochastic factors,with clear niche partitioning among species,and the interactions are predominantly positive.The above results reveal that the geothermal hydrochemical conditions caused by magma fluid input have a great influence on the distribution pattern of hot spring microbial communities.