广州地区4927例12种呼吸道感染病原体核酸检测结果分析

Analysis of nucleic acid test results of 12 kinds of respiratory tract infection pathogens in 4927 cases in Guangzhou

目的掌握广州地区呼吸道感染高峰期病原体的流行情况,为呼吸道感染疾病的防控和诊治提供科学依据。方法分析2023年12月至2024年1月广州金域医学检验中心有限公司通过鼻咽拭子采集的4927例呼吸道感染病原体核酸检测结果,检测采用实时荧光PCR法进行定性检测12种呼吸道病原体,对病原体的流行情况进行统计分析。结果4927份样本中,总阳性率87.19%(4296/4927),检测出单一病原体感染占41.90%(1800/4296),以肺炎链球菌阳性率最高(73.19%),两种和三种病原体感染率分别为40.48%(1739/4296)和15.13%(650/4296),最高病原体感染数量可达5种,细菌、病毒混合感染率最高为28.35%(1218/4296)。不同性别各病原体阳性率无差异,<5岁组93.69%(505/539)和5~17岁组92.63%(1597/1724)阳性率最高,不同年龄组之间的差异具有统计意义(χ2=122.21,P<0.01)。结论广州地区冬季呼吸道感染病原体主要为肺炎链球菌、流感嗜血杆菌、甲型流感病毒和腺病毒,多种病原体混合感染成为主要趋势,不同年龄段感染情况存在差异。

Objective Understanding the prevalence of pathogens in the peak period of respiratory tract in-fection in Guangzhou,and to provide scientific basis for the prevention and control,diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract infection.Methods Nucleic acid detection results of 4927 respiratory tract infection patho-gens collected in the nose and throat by swabs from Guang Zhou Jin yu Medical Laboratory Group Co.,Ltd.from December 2023 to January 2024 were analyzed.Real-time fluorescent PCR was used to detect 12 kinds of respiratory tract pathogens qualitatively,and the prevalence of pathogens was statistically analyzed.Results Among the 4927 samples,the total positive rate was 87.19%(4296/4927),the single pathogen infection ac-counted for 41.90%(1800/4296),and the positive rate of Streptococcus pneumoniae was the highest(73.19%).The infection rates of two and three pathogens were 40.48%(1739/4296)and 15.13%(650/4296),respectively.The highest number of pathogens was five,and the highest rate of mixed infection of bacte-ria and viruses was 28.35%(1218/4296).There was no difference in the positive rate of pathogens between different genders.The positive rate was highest in<5-year old group(93.69%(505/539))and 5-17 year old group(92.63%(1597/1724),and the difference among different age groups was statistically significant(χ2=122.21,P<0.01).Conclusion The main pathogens of respiratory tract infection in winter in Guang-zhou are Streptococcus pneumoniae,Haemophilus influenzae,influenza A virus and adenovirus.The mixed in-fection of multiple pathogens is the main trend,and there are differences among different age groups.