艺术院校舞蹈与非舞蹈学员髋关节运动伤比较

Comparison of hip sports injury between dance and non-dance majors in an art colleges

[目的]调查比较某艺术院校舞蹈专业与非舞蹈专业髋关节运动伤的发生特点。[方法]问卷调查分析2023年9月—2023年12月某艺术院校580位学员的髋关节运动伤发生特点,其中舞蹈专业107例,非舞蹈专业473例,并进行两组间比较。调查髋关节运动伤的影响因素。[结果]舞蹈专业学员的年龄[(23.1±3.0)岁vs(25.4±1.7)岁,P<0.001]、BMI[(20.6±2.6)kg/m^(2)vs(21.5±2.3)kg/m^(2),P=0.001]均显著小于非舞蹈学员。舞蹈专业出现髋关节疼痛比率显著高于非舞蹈专业[双髋(15.6%vs 11.2%,P<0.05),左髋(7.5%vs 5.7%,P<0.05),右髋(12.10%vs 4.7%,P<0.05)]。舞蹈专业学员在发生髋痛性质排在前3位分别为酸痛18例(16.8%)、刺痛15例(14.0%)、隐痛11例(10.3%)。从髋部症状来看,关节弹响是最主要的表现症状,行走、盘腿、下蹲等因素更容易加重舞蹈专业学员出现髋部弹响(P<0.05)。舞蹈专业学员通常会有不稳定的感觉(4.7%)、髋关节绞索及卡顿(6.5%)、小腿麻木无力等症状(4.7%),这会对学员在运动锻炼(28.0%)中造成影响(P<0.05)。训练因素(98.1%)、运动项目因素(39.9%)、个人因素(41.9%)是诱发舞蹈专业学员髋关节运动伤的主要因素。[结论]髋关节运动伤是舞蹈专业学员在校期间较为常见的伤病,右髋是主要疼痛部位。影响学员运动训练。运动前热身未到位、训练强度过大和自身动作失误是舞蹈专业学员主要受伤因素。

[Objective]To investigate and compare the characteristics of hip injury between dance majors and non-dance majors in an art college.[Methods]A total of 580 students from an art college were included in this study,including 107 in the dance majors and 473 in the non-dance majors.The characteristics of hip sports injury were investigated and compared between the two groups.[Results]The danc⁃er proved significantly less than the non-dancer in terms of age[(23.1±3.0)years vs(25.4±1.7)years,P<0.001]and BMI[(20.6±2.6)kg/m^(2) vs(21.5±2.3)kg/m^(2),P=0.001].The dancer had significantly higher incidence of hip pain than the non-dancer[both hips(15.6%vs 11.2%,P<0.05),left hip(7.5%vs 5.7%,P<0.05),right hip(12.1%vs 4.70%,P<0.05)].The top three hip pain characteristics of dance majors were hip sore in 18 cases(16.8%),tingling in 15 cases(14.0%)and dull pain in 11 cases(10.3%).Regarding to hip symptoms,snapping hip was the most important symptom,while walking,cross-legged,squatting and other factors were more likely to aggravate the snapping hip of the dancer(P<0.05).Students of dance majors usually feel unstable(4.7%),hip noose and stuck(6.5%)and other symptoms(4.7%),which will affect students in exercise(28.0%)(P<0.05).Training factors(98.1%),sports factors(39.9%)and personal factors(41.9%)are the main ele⁃ments that induce hip injury in the dancers.[Conclusion]Hip injury is a more common injury of dance majors in this school,usually involv⁃ing the right hip,which affects the exercise training of students.The main injury factors of dance professional students are not warm-up properly in place before exercise,too much training intensity and their own movement mistakes.