美洲大蠊不同发育阶段蛋白质、重金属含量测定及脂溶性成分的GC-MS分析

Determination of Protein,Heavy Metal and GC-MS Analysis of Oil Extracted from Different Growth Stages of Periplaneta americana(L.)

为促进药材资源的综合开发利用,对美洲大蠊1龄、3龄、6龄以及成虫中蛋白质和4种重金属元素含量、脂溶性成分组成进行了测试。采用凯氏定氮法测定粗蛋白含量、ICP-MS测定重金属元素含量、GC-MS测定脂溶性成分及相对含量。美洲大蠊在不同生长发育阶段的粗蛋白含量为56.61%~67.38%;砷含量≤0.2714 mg/kg;汞含量≤0.1972 mg/kg;铅含量≤0.5482 mg/kg;镉含量≤0.1222 mg/kg;从脂溶性成分中鉴定30种化合物,其中5种为4个生长发育阶段共有成分。美洲大蠊成虫体内蛋白质达63%,是优质的饲料蛋白来源。根据《饲料卫生标准》相关规定,其虫体中汞含量超标,需要对美洲大蠊养殖过程所用的饲料配方进行优化;美洲大蠊体内以棕榈酸为代表的饱和脂肪酸是其表现脂毒性的重要因素,油脂中富含抗氧化酚类物质。

In order to promote the comprehensive utilization of medicinal resources,the contents of protein and 4 heavy metal elements,as well as the composition of lipid soluble components,were tested in the 1st,3rd,6th instar nymphs,and adults of Periplaneta americana(L.).The content of crude protein was determined by kjeldahl method,the content of heavy metal was determined by ICP-MS,and the lipid soluble components and its relative content were determined by GC-MS.The crude protein content from Periplaneta americana(L.)at different growth stages was 56.61%to 67.38%;As≤0.2714 mg/kg;Hg≤0.1972 mg/kg;Pb≤0.5482 mg/kg;Cd≤0.1222 mg/kg;30 compounds were identified from oil extracts,with 5 components appear in the 4 growth stages.The protein content in adult Periplaneta americana(L.)reaches 63%,making it a high-quality source of feed protein.However,the mercury content exceeding the tolerance prescribed by hygienic quality of feed,so it is necessary to optimize the feed formula of Periplaneta americana(L.).The saturated fatty acids represented by palmitic acid are important factor responsible for the lipid toxicity of Periplaneta americana(L.),and the oil from it is rich in phenolic compounds with antioxidant activity.