物理化学中热力学理论在丙酮回收中的应用

Thermodynamic Theories of Physical Chemistry Applied in Acetone Recovery Process

为了提高本科生有效掌握物理化学中理论知识及解决实际问题的能力,将课堂教学中枯燥、抽象难懂的物理化学理论知识融入工程实例中。以二醋酸纤维丝生产中丙酮的回收为例,丙酮回收过程包含吸附和精馏操作,基于活性炭吸附使本科生掌握Langmuir理论、单分子饱和吸附量qm和Langmuir吸附平衡常数KL的计算;对于精馏操作使本科生能熟练杠杆规则计算气、液相的物质的量,用克-克方程、活度和活度因子公式计算丙酮的活度和活度因子,进一步由芬斯克方程计算出丙酮回收塔的理论塔板数、塔底和塔顶丙酮的浓度;根据异丙叉丙酮(MEO)和水的二元气液相图,提出解决丙酮回收过程中MEO去除方法。将物理化学课程涉及的吸附、相平衡等热力学理论融入实际工程案例中的课堂教学,显著提高了本科生理论联系实际及解决问题的能力。

and intricate concepts of physical chemistry were integrated into the project case for classroom instruction.Taking the recovery of acetone in diacetate fiber production as an example,the acetone recovery process involved adsorption and rectification operations.Through activated carbon adsorption,undergraduate students can acquire proficiency in calculating Langmuir theory,saturated adsorption capacity of single molecules qm and Langmuir adsorption equilibrium constant KL.Additionally,for distillation operations,undergraduates can become adept at determining gas and liquid phase compositions using lever rules.They can also calculate the activity and activity factor of acetone using Clausius-Clapeyron equations and activity factor formulas.Furthermore,they can estimate the theoretical number of tower plates required for acetone recovery tower and the bottom and top concentration between by the tower using Fenske equation.According to the binary gas-liquid phase diagram of isopropyl for acetone(MEO)and water,the solution for removing MEO in the acetone recovery process was proposed.The project cases of absorption,phase equilibrium and other thermodynamic theories are integrated into physical chemistry courses,which significantly improves the ability of undergraduate students to combine theory with practice and solve problems.